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Histochemical Journal | 1983

DNA, RNA, protein and heterochromatin changes during embryo development and germination of soybean (Glycine max L.)

Sukhraj S. Dhillon; Jerome P. Miksche

SummaryDNA, RNA, protein and heterochromatin were measured cytophotometrically in developing soybean (Glycine max) seeds. The average 2C DNA content for the soybean genome was 2.64 pg. The amounts of nuclear DNA in embryo axes showed no significant change during embryo development, whereas the DNA content in cotyledon nuclei increased significantly from 3.58 pg to 5.49 pg. The number of endopolyploid nuclei increased from 26% to 48% and the DNA content from 4.45 to 5.49 pg after cessation of cell division. The changes in RNA and protein content during embryo development were in general similar to those in DNA content. This can be interpreted that increased DNA levels in soybean cotyledons generated during embryogeny increase the protein synthesizing capacity. During the first 15 days of germination, the number of endopolyploid nuclei in cotyledons declined from 46% to 4%, and this decline is interpreted as DNA degradation providing a ready source of nucleosides and phosphates during early embryo growth. A later decline, however, between 15 and 20 days after germination, was age related similar to leaf senescence, because the percentage of endopolyploid nuclei remained unchanged while the number of non-viable cells increased. In senescing cotyledons, 73% and 80% of RNA and protein but only 20% of DNA were lost, as compared to dormant cotyledons. The heterochromatin (condensed chromatin) measurements indicated that nuclei of metabolically inactive dormant and senescent cotyledon nuclei contained an average of 33% more heterochromatin than nuclei from the green cotyledons of seedlings.


Biotechnic & Histochemistry | 1979

Feulgen cytophotometry of pine nuclei. II : Effect of pectinase used in cell separation

Graeme P. Berlyn; Sukhraj S. Dhillon; Jerome P. Miksche

Pectinase used for cell separation prior to cytophotometry contains a DNase that is able to penetrate the cells of pine root tips and attack nuclear DNA. When pine root tips were exposed to 1% pectinase (pH 6.0), there was a decrease in nuclear DNA content at every sample point and a sharp drop between 16 and 20 hr. The effect of the DNase was eliminated by preparing the enzyme solution in 0.01 M sodium citrate or 0.001 M EDTA. It is suggested that heat denaturation of the DNase should also be effective and might be used in combination with the magnesium chelators.


Archive | 1988

DNA Analysis During Growth and Development

Sukhraj S. Dhillon

Nuclear DNA changes in relation to growth and development were followed in Populus deltoides. These observations were supported with findings in other plant species. The genome size of P. deltoides was small and was comprised of a 2C DNA content of 1.07 pg. The genome showed an average increase of 27% under long-day photoperiod as compared to short-day photoperiod. Plants under long-day conditions displayed significantly higher growth. Furthermore, the young leaves possessed higher DNA values as compared to mature leaves. In view of our present as well as previous observations in several species, it appears that higher DNA values are related to increasing protein synthesis for maintaining growth. The senescing leaves displayed an average reduction in nuclear DNA content of 21% as compared to mature leaves. Purified DNAs from nuclei and chloroplasts of mature and senescing leaves did not display different thermal profiles. However, chloroplast DNA displayed a significantly higher %GC ratio than nuclear DNA in mature leaves. The %GC was 33.92 for nuclear and 35.95 for chloroplast DNA. Studies are in progress to understand the growth- and senescence-related DNA changes at the molecular level.


American Journal of Botany | 1977

REQUIREMENT OF AN INTERNAL STANDARD FOR MICROSPECTROPHOTOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF DNA

Sukhraj S. Dhillon; Graeme P. Berlyn; Jerome P. Miksche


Canadian journal of genetics and cytology | 1983

Evaluation of nuclear DNA content and heterochromatin changes in anther-derived dihaploids of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cv. Coker 139

Sukhraj S. Dhillon; Earl A. Wernsman; Jerome P. Miksche


Plant Physiology | 1980

Reassociation Kinetics and Cytophotometric Characterization of Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) DNA

Sukhraj S. Dhillon; Adrian V. Rake; Jerome P. Miksche


American Journal of Botany | 1982

DNA CONTENT AND HETEROCHROMATIN VARIATIONS IN VARIOUS TISSUES OF PEANUT (ARACHIS HYPOGAEA)

Sukhraj S. Dhillon; Jerome P. Miksche


Physiologia Plantarum | 1981

DNA changes during sequential leaf senescence of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Sukhraj S. Dhillon; Jerome P. Miksche


American Journal of Botany | 1978

NUCLEAR DNA CONTENT IN POPULATIONS OF PINUS RIGIDA

Sukhraj S. Dhillon; Graeme P. Berlyn; Jerome P. Miksche


Physiologia Plantarum | 1985

DNA changes involving repeated sequences in senescing soybean (Glycine max) cotyledon nuclei

Dau-Yin Chang; Jerome P. Miksche; Sukhraj S. Dhillon

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Jerome P. Miksche

North Carolina State University

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Dau-Yin Chang

North Carolina State University

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Joseph B. Harris

University of Wisconsin-Madison

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Verlyn G. Schaefer

North Carolina State University

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