Suki Arif

Power-efficient routing schemes for MANETs: a survey and open issues

Ubiquitous smart devices with embedded sensors are paving the way for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) that enable users to communicate directly, thereby playing a key role in Smart City and Internet of Things applications. In such smart environments, people with smart devices (nodes) can freely self-organize and form self-configuring MANETs to send and forward data packets to a destination over multiple hops via intermediate nodes. However, the energy consumption during routing remains a challenge in such ensemble mobile environments due to the limited battery capacity of mobile devices. This challenging issue has received substantial research attention, necessitating an exhaustive literature search over the variety of academic fields addressing this topic. The main motivation of this paper is to review various power-efficient routing schemes in MANETs that have recently been proposed to reduce the energy consumed when transmitting and receiving packets during active communication. Accordingly, these protocols are classified into six categories: (1) link state-based, (2) source-initiated-based, (3) transmission power control-based, (4) load-balancing-based, (5) location-based and (6) multicast-based routing approaches. The review covers various state-of-the-art protocols for each category and highlights their operation concepts, design challenges and key features. In addition, the various protocols are compared with emphasis on the merits and drawbacks as well as the considered metrics of each scheme. Finally, we provide a conclusion and suggest potential directions for future research in the field.

Performance analysis of 2-D Extended-EDW Code for optical CDMA system

Two-dimensional Optical Code Division Multiple Access (2-D OCDMA) has gained great interest among researchers in optical communication systems. This work is aimed to present an alternative way of formulating the spectral/spatial incoherent two-dimensional Extended Enhanced Double Weight (2-D Extended-EDW) code. This code is proposed to suppress the phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) by using multiple access interference (MAI) cancellation property. The numerical analysis shows that 2-D EDW code has a better performance, in terms of bit error rate (BER) and the cardinality compared with one-dimensional Enhanced Double Weight (1-D EDW) code. In comparison with different combinations of spatial and spectral code length for 2-D Extended-EDW code, we found that by increasing the number of time chip, it significantly enhances the performance of the system.

Scheduling Jobs through Gap Filling and Optimization Techniques in Computational Grid

Due to the heterogeneity and complexity in grid computing, classical algorithms may not be able to deal with dynamic jobs properly. In the dynamic mode, incoming jobs reach the scheduler arbitrary. Therefore, scheduling the jobs using simple policy alone deteriorates the performance of the scheduler. Thus, a policy that can handle the dynamicity efficiently is indispensable. This paper presents the Swift Gap mechanism (SG), which is a hybridization of the Best Gap mechanism, alongside with Tabu search (BGT). In addition, a new decision rule based on completion time is included into the outcome mechanism. The new decision rule based on completion time has shown a significant improvement in the Quality of Service (QoS), especially for a slowdown, tardiness, waiting time and response time. Moreover, an evaluation of the new proposed mechanism Swift Gap is provided. From the evaluation, Swift Gap outperforms BGT, Conservative Backfilling (CONS) and Extensible Argonne Scheduling System (EASY).

Scheduling through backfilling technique for HPC applications in grid computing environment

Due to the heterogeneity and complexity in grid computing, simple algorithms may not be able to deal with dynamic jobs properly. In the dynamic mode, incoming jobs reach the scheduler arbitrary; therefore, scheduling the jobs using simple policy alone could affect the performance of the scheduler. Thus, a policy that can handle the dynamicity efficiently is indispensable. This paper presents Swift Gap mechanism, which is a hybridization of Best Gap mechanism; alongside with Tabu search. In addition, a new decision rule based on completion time is included into the outcome mechanism. The new decision rule based on completion time has shown a significant improvement in the Quality of Service (QoS) for the end-user. Moreover, an evaluation of the proposed mechanism Swift Gap is provided. From the findings, Swift Gap outperforms Conservative Backfilling (CONS), Extensible Argonne Scheduling System (EASY) and CONS hybridized with Tabu search.

Enhanced cardinality and effective transmitted power of 2-D extended-EDW OCDMA code

Various two-dimensional (2-D) OCDMA codes have been introduced in recent years due to their capabilities in enhancing cardinality, suppressing phase induced intensity noise (PIIN) and eliminates multiple access interference (MAI). This paper presents our new proposal of 2-D spectral/spatial Extended Enhanced Double Weight (2-D Extended-EDW) code. This code is designed to enhance cardinality and effective transmitted power. In other word, it effectively reduces noise and increasing simultaneous users. From our numerical analysis, we found that 2-D Extended-EDW code has a significantly better performance, in terms of the cardinality and effective transmitted power when compared with 2-D M-Matrices code.

From grids to clouds: Recap on challenges and solutions

Grid Computing is a set of resources; the separate computational power of these resources has combination to execute a huge task. Usually, in a Computational Grid environment, the main resource is the Central Processing Unit (CPU), mostly used in research fields that demand high computational power to perform massive and complicated calculations. Cloud Computing is a promising computing pattern which offers facilities and common resources on demand over the Web. The implementation of cloud computing applications has high priority, especially in the modern world, for example in providing adequate funding for social services and purchasing programs. In this paper, we discuss the implementation of cloud computing over a Smart Grid: reliable, guaranteed and efficient with low cost, it is expected to offer Long Term Evolution (LTE). This allows larger pieces of the spectrum, or bands, to be used, with greater coverage and less latency. The third technology is the Vehicular Network, an important research area because of its unique features and potential applications. In this survey, we present an overview of the smart grid, LTE and vehicular network integrated with cloud computing. We also highlight the open issues and research directions in implementing these technologies with cloud computing in terms of energy and information management for smart grids; applying cloud computing platforms for 4G networks to achieve specific criteria; and finally architectural formation, privacy and security for vehicular cloud computing.

A Holistic Approach in Developing an Ensemble Mobile Peer-to-Peer Computing

The tremendous growth of mobile computing in recent years has created a lot of interesting potentials for digital economy activities. However, the mobile computing constitutes of various complexities in many forms or types. These heterogeneities have posed various challenges in creating an ensemble environment where multiple heterogeneous mobile devices can communicate smoothly and coherently. These include various mobile platforms, battery life-time, screen sizes, radio access technologies, etc. Couple with other mobile platform requirements; security, forensic tool, resource management, mobile application support, etc. will create great challenges in developing digital economy applications in an ensemble mobile peer-to-peer platform. This paper presents significant issues in our holistic approach of overcoming these challenges. We also elaborate our ideas and plans in approaching some challenges of the issues in this ensemble mobile computing. We also suggest a couple of application development supports for mobile peer-to-peer communication environment.