Şükran Kültür

An ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in Marmaris (Muğla, Turkey)

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE This study aimed to document traditional uses of medicinal plants in the Marmaris district of south-west Anatolia and to compare this information with our current knowledge of plant medicine in Turkey and the Mediterranean countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS We collected the information through semi-structured interviews with 98 informants (51 men and 47 women). In addition, the relative importance value of species was determined and informant consensus factor (FIC) was calculated for the medicinal plants included in the study. RESULTS We report the medicinal uses of 64 plant species belonging to 35 families, including the uses of nine essential oils. Most of the medicinal plants used in the Marmaris district belong to the families Lamiaceae (13 species) and Asteraceae (four species). The most commonly used plant species are Salvia fruticosa, Origanum onites, Lavandula stoechas, Mentha pulegium and Satureja thymbra. For the purposes of making essential oils, Salvia fruticosa is the plant species most commonly used. Two of the plants we report on (Liquidambar orientalis, Phlomis lycia) are endemic to Turkey and the East Agean Islands. Sideritis libanotica subsp. linearis is endemic to Turkey, Lebanon and Syria. Thymus cilicicus is endemic to Turkey, East Agean Islands, Lebanon and Syria. For six plant species (Narcissus tazetta, Lagenaria siceraria, Hypericum montbrettii, Phlomis grandiflora var. grandiflora, Polygonum bellardii, Crataegus aronia var. aronia) we report new different ethnobotanical uses not previously reported in Turkey. CONCLUSIONS Some plants are used for medicinal purposes both in Marmaris and in other parts of Turkey and in the Mediterranean countries, either for the same or for different purposes. This paper helps to preserve valuable information that may otherwise be lost to future generations.

In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of some plant methanol extracts

The aim of our study was to evaluate in vitro antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts (ME) of 14 medicinal plants, 8 of which are endemic species of Anatolia. Scavenging activity was tested by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and the inhibitory effect on lipid peroxidation was examined by the ferric thiocyanate (FTC) and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) methods. The obtained results showed significant differences in the antioxidant potential amongst the tested methanolic plant extracts. Among the plant samples, Crataegus microphylla C. Koch, Salvia hypargeia Fisch. & Mey., Cotinus coggygria Scop., Origanum sipyleum L. and Rosa damascena Miller exhibited the highest DPPH scavenging activity. Five extracts (Centaurea nerimaniae Ş. Kültür, C. coggygria, Scorzonera tomentosa L., R. damascena and Colchicum sanguicolle K.M. Perss) showed strong antioxidant activity in the FTC and TBA tests, with per cent inhibition ranges of 72%–84% and 84%–92%, respectively. The ME of C. coggygria and R. damascena exhibited potent antioxidant activity by the DPPH, FTC and TBA methods.

Wild Edible Plants of Savaştepe District (Balıkesir, Turkey)

Turkey’s geographical location is at the meeting point of three phytogeographical regions (Euro-Siberian, Mediterranean and lrano-Turanian). Because of this, Anatolia has a very rich flora. The flora of Turkey is estimated to contain approximately 9996 species of vascular plants, one third of its flora (33.3%) is endemic (1). Study area, Savaştepe, is a district of Balıkesir province in the Marmara region of Turkey (Figure 1). It has an area of 430 km. Its plant diversity is very rich because of its localization meeting point of 2 phytogeographic regions (Mediterranean, Euro-Siberian). The population is 20.201. Savaştepe has 44 villages. Nomadic culture is seen in the villages of Savaştepe. Karakeçili, Hardal, Kubaş, Kılaz, Yüncü yoruks live in the villages of Savaştepe. Karakeçili Yoruk communities live in 20 villages, Hardal yoruk communities live in 6 villages, Kubaş yoruk communities live in 10 villages, Kılaz yoruk communities live in 2 villages, Yüncü yoruk communities live in 1 village. This study records the wild edible plants of Savaştepe (Balıkesir) for the first time. ABSTRACT This ethnobotanical study was planned to carried out in villages of Savaştepe district (Balıkesir, Turkey) between May 2012 to October 2015. The settlements (44 villages) in Savaştepe were visited during the field work. With this study, we aimed to document traditional uses of edible plants in Savaştepe (Balıkesir). Interviews were made with the local people. A total of 205 individuals (107 men, 98 women) interviewed in the area. The plant samples were collected in company with local people. The collected specimens were identified and were deposited as herbarium samples at ISTE (The Herbarium of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Istanbul University). Among these collected plants 71 taxa belonging to 27 families are edible plants. The plants were mostly used as food (55 taxa), spice (14 taxa), beverage (3 taxa) and honey paste (2 taxa). Mostly used parts of plants were leaf (27 taxa), aerial part (20 taxa), fruit (19 taxa) and seed (5 taxa).

Biological activities of aerial parts extracts of endemic Tanacetum argenteum subsp. argenteum

The objective of the present study was to investigate the antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities of n -hexane, chloroform, methanol and aqueous methanol extracts obtained from Tanacetum argenteum subsp. argenteum aerial parts. Anti-proliferative activity was tested in vitro against four human cancer cell lines (A549: lung adenocarcinoma, Hela; cervix adenocarcinoma, HT-29: colon adenocarcinoma, MCF-7; breast adenocarcinoma) using MTT assay. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by micro-broth dilution technique against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 14153, and Candida albicans ATCC 10231. Hexane extract inhibited proliferation of HT-29 and MCF-7 by 75 and 74% while chloroform extract against the same cancer cell lines displayed inhibition of 89 and 73% at the concentration of 30 µg/mL, respectively. Also, chloroform extract at the same concentration showed significant anti-proliferative activity against A-549 and HeLa with inhibition values of 75% and 62%. Chloroform extract exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis with the MIC values of 625 µg/mL. Methanol and aqueous methanol extracts showed weak antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Candida albicans with MIC values of 1250 µg/ml. The results showed that n- hexane and chloroform extracts have significant anticancer activity against cancer cell lines used in this study.

Endemik Tanacetum argenteum subsp. argenteum bitkisinin toprak üstü kısımlarından elde edilen ekstrelerin biyolojik aktiviteleri

Bu calismanin amaci, Tanacetum argenteum subsp. argenteum bitkisinin toprak ustu kisimlarindan elde edilen n-hekzan, kloroform, metanol ve sulu metanol ekstrelerinin antimikrobiyal ve antiproliferatif aktivitelerini arastirmaktir. Ekstrelerin antiproliferatif aktivitesi dort farkli insan kanser hucre hatlarina (A549: Akciger adenokarsinoma, Hela; Serviks adenokarsinoma, HT-29: Kolon adenokarsinoma, MCF-7; Meme adenokarsinoma) karsi MTT yontemiyle test edilmistir. Ekstrelerin antimikrobiyal aktivitesi ise Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 14153, ve Candida albicans ATCC 10231 suslarina karsi mikro-broth dilusyon yontemiyle arastirilmistir. Kloroform ekstresi 30 μg/ mL konsantrasyonda HT-29 and MCF-7 hucre hatlarinin gelisimini sirasiyla % 89 ve % 73 oraninda durdururken, n-hekzan ekstresi ise ayni konsantrasyonda bu hucre hatlarinin gelisimini sirasiyla % 75 ve % 74 oraninda inhibe etmistir. Ayni zamanda kloroform ekstresi A-549 and HeLa hucre hatlarinin gelisimi sirasiyla % 75 ve % 62 oraninda durdurarak onemli bir antiproliferatif aktivite gostermistir. Kloroform ekstresi, Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis’e karsi 625 μg/ mL’lik MIK degerleriyle orta derecede antibakteriyel aktivite gostermistir. Metanol ve sulu methanol ekstreleri ise 1250 μg/mL’lik MIK degerleriyle Staphylococcus epidermidis ve Candida albicans suslarina karsi zayif antimikrobiyal aktivite gostermistir. Bu sonuclar, n-hekzan ve kloroform ekstresinin bu calismada kullanilan insan kanser hucre dizilerine karsi onemli bir antikanser aktiviteye sahip olduklarini gosterdi.