Şule Gökçe

A Rare Cause of Childhood Cerebellitis-Influenza Infection: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature

Acute cerebellitis is a benign neurologic condition generally caused by viral or bacterial infections. Influenza associated cerebellitis is extremely rare; a 6-year-old boy with acute cerebellitis, who presented with fever, vomiting, weakness, febrile seizure, and acute cerebellar features, is discussed in this article.

Outbreak of varicella in preschool children despite one-dose vaccination

Kurugöl Z, Gökçe Ş. Outbreak of varicella in preschool children despite one-dose vaccination. Turk J Pediatr 2018; 60: 56-62. In Turkey, a single-dose varicella vaccine was introduced into the National Immunization Program in 2013. Before this implementation, varicella vaccine had been available in the private sector since 2000. However, varicella outbreaks continued to occur in preschools and elementary schools. We investigated a varicella outbreak to estimate the effectiveness of 1-dose varicella vaccine and to evaluate potential risk factors for breakthrough disease. This study was carried out during a varicella outbreak in 3 preschools in İzmir, Turkey, in April 2016. Using questionnaires, data including children`s medical and vaccination histories were collected from their parents. Attack rates in vaccinated and unvaccinated children were calculated and the analyses of vaccine effectiveness and of risk factors for breakthrough disease were conducted. A total of 124 children were enrolled in the study. Of the 124 children, 77 (62%) had received 1-dose varicella vaccine before the outbreak. Varicella developed in 34 of 124 children during the outbreak, and 18 of them (53%) had breakthrough varicella. The attack rate was 23.4% among vaccinated children and 34% among unvaccinated children. The effectiveness of single-dose varicella vaccine was 33.6% against varicella disease of any severity and 82.5% against moderate or severe varicella. Children vaccinated 5 or more years before the outbreak had 3.5 times the risk of disease than those who had been vaccinated more recently (OR 3.5 [95% CI, 1.08-11.5]); p= 0.046). Age at vaccination ( < 15 months vs.≥15 months) and the brands of varicella vaccine were not associated with the increased risk of breakthrough varicella. Our study suggests that one-dose of varicella vaccine is not sufficient to prevent school outbreaks. A 2-dose varicella vaccination program may help to prevent varicella outbreaks and achieve effective control of the disease.

Chlamydia trachomatis infection influences the clinical course of acute bronchiolitis

The frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among young infants admitted with acute bronchiolitis was analysed to determine whether the former affects the clinical course of the latter. A total of 92 infants aged <6 months admitted with acute bronchiolitis were tested for C. trachomatis by a cell culture technique, obtaining nasal smears from each infant’s nostrils. A second nasal sampling was taken for respiratory viruses from the study group and tested with real-time polymerase chain reaction. Clinical characteristics of C. trachomatis-positive and -negative cases were compared. C. trachomatis was detected in 22.8% of the infants, mostly as coinfection with respiratory viral agents. Infection with C. trachomatis affected the clinical outcome in acute bronchiolitis and such infants tended to have severe bronchiolitis.

Seasonal Variation of Vitamin D via Several Parameters in Adolescents

Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce Gözde Gözüoğlu MD, Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, General Pediatrics Unit, İzmir, Turkey Phone: +90 505 782 07 01 E-mail: gozdegozu@hotmail.com ORCID ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5948-7496 Re cei ved: 25.04.2018 Ac cep ted: 27.04.2018 Ege University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, General Pediatrics Unit, İzmir, Turkey Gözde Gözüoğlu, Şule Gökçe, Aslı Aslan, Zafer Kurugöl, Güldane Koturoğlu

The role of mean platelet volume in the early detection of acute bronchiolitis: A prospective study: XXXX

Acute bronchiolitis might be associated with morbidity and mortality in infants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of mean platelet volume (MPV) in the prediction of acute bronchiolitis.

Corrigendum to “A Rare Cause of Childhood Cerebellitis-Influenza Infection: A Case Report and Systematic Review of Literature”

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1155/2017/4039358.].

Lymphadenitis and Fever: First Presentation of Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki disease (KD), also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome and infantile polyarteritis nodosa was first described in 1967 by Tomisaku Kawasaki (1,2). The disease most frequently occurs in children aged between 6 months and 5 years. KD is the leading cause of pediatric acquired heart disease in developing countries. There is no specific diagnostic test for KD. The diagnosis is made based on the presence of clinical criteria. Typical KD criteria include fever going on for more than 5 days, cervical adenopathy, nonpurulent bilateral conjunctival injection, oral mucosal changes, hand-foot changes in extremities and polymorfic rash on body. Four of 5 clinical criteria define diagnosis (3). Of the principal diagnostic criteria, cervical adenopathy is the least common. However, KD manifests with fever and cervical adenopathy and may be misdiagnosed as bacterial cervical lymphadenitis. Therefore, specific treatment is delayed, leading to serious cardiac sequelae. Herein, we report an unusual case of KD: a 3.5-yearold boy who presented with fever and bilateral cervical lymphadenitis as initial manifestations.

Etiology, Seasonality, and Clinical Features of Viral Respiratory Tract Infections in Children Hospitalized With Acute Bronchiolitis: A Single-Center Study

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the viral frequency, seasonality, and clinical and demographic features of patients hospitalized with acute bronchiolitis. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was performed in 316 infants younger than 2 years of age who were hospitalized for acute viral bronchiolitis. Respiratory tract infection agents were investigated with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A total of 316 infants were included in this study. Of the 316 infants, at least one respiratory tract pathogen was detected in 75% (237/316). Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was the most common virus identified in 127 infants (40.1%) followed by rhinovirus (n = 78, 24.6%). In this study, where viral agents were determined via PCR in patients who were followed-up due to the diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, RSV was detected as the most common agent, as in other studies. In almost half of the RSV-positive patients, RSV was accompanied by a second or third agent.

Cytomegalovirus-Associated Menetrier Disease in Childhood

Menetrier disease (MD) is an uncommon disease that is characterized by gastric hypertrophy and hypoalbuminemia. The etiology of the disease is unknown but it is believed that transforming growth factor–α (TGF-α) plays a role in it. The clinical manifestations consist of edema, emesis, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, and vomiting. MD is generally associated with infections such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus, Helicobacter pylori, and Giardia. It has also been reported to be associated with allergy and some medications. Serum albumin decreases in affected patients due to protein loss through the gastric mucosa during the disease. Diagnosis of MD depends on endoscopic and/or radiologic findings. However, some studies have shown that the endoscopic and histopathologic features might be normal initially and they have suggested that serial biopsies should be considered. Most pediatric patients recover spontaneously within a few weeks and have good prognosis. In this report, we present 3 cases of MD associated with CMV infection with hypoalbuminemia and generalized edema.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Childhood: Review

ABS TRACT Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), is also known spastic colon, is one of the functional bowel diseases. Etiology of IBS is unknown and is associated with symptoms such as diarrhea and constipation. It usually affects both adults and adolescents. Functional bowel differences, disordered defecation habits and chronic abdominal pain, which is the most common of the symptoms, is due to bowel disorder. The frequency of the pain varies from patient to patient and is usually observed on the around umblicus but the pain observed another places on the abdomen. Etiopathogenesis hasn’t become definite yet. The second important symptom is disturbed defecation and the changes in defecation pattern. Constipation and diarrhea often follow each other. Patients need to defecate after each meal. Dyspeptic symptoms; especially postprandial abdominal tenderness, abdominal discomfort, bloating, gas, indigestion, loss of appetite, nausea are also common in IBS. Diagnostic criteria which named Rome III criteria based on recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort following; improvement with defecation or change in frequency of stool or stool appearance. We report here; irritable bowel syndrome, diagnosis and treatment of it in children.