Şule Tüdeş

Microzonation of Gölbaşı Special Environmental Protection Area with Respect to Geoenvironmental Criteria

Natural environment is under the threat of dramatic degradation due to the development of technology and industrialization. Therefore, contemporary planners should consider the negative aspects of industrialization and urbanization on natural environment and should prepare related plans considering these aspects. Some natural resources in the capital of Turkey, Ankara, are also under the threat of industrialization and urbanization. With this respect, Golbasi, Mogan and Eymir Lake environment have legally considered as special environmental protection area since 1991. In this paper, the change of natural resources is examined by means of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) based remote sensing. The change is also examined with the previous and contemporary maps related with the years of 1992 and 2008. In this sense, microzonation map of the area is prepared by means of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). The result of this analysis indicates that the most important changes between the years of 1992 and 2008 occurred in the built-up areas. Accordingly, agricultural areas and open spaces also decreased in this period. On the other hand, areas related with industry and storage has been observed as increased in the related years. These results state that the natural environment, especially water resources, are under the threat of industrialization and urbanization although Mogan and Eymir Lakes environment has been set as special environmental protection area.

A Multidisciplinary Approach in the Context of Earthquake Sensitive Cities

It is necessary to develop a multidisciplinary approach in the sense of creating earthquake sensitive urban areas, though the decisions made by the urban planners are considered as prior. In its basis, urban planning process begins with the geological and geotechnical etudes and continues with planning and land use decision-making within the context of implementation plans. Then, design and construction processes follow those stages. In the period of whole procedure; urban planners, geological engineers, designers, architects, civil engineers and the other related professionals should be included in order to take a common approach. The contributions and the tasks of those disciplines to create earthquake resistant cities vary. In this study, a systematical theoretic perspective in the context of creating earthquake sensitive cities in a multidisciplinary way will be developed. Within this scope, the deficiencies and the necessity of the multidisciplinary collaboration in the implementation sense will be discussed.

Effect of Physical Urban Environment on Sustainable Urban Development

Certain features, having significant effect on the shape of the urban areas, could be divided to two, as: tangible and intangible. Tangible features are consisted of the physical elements, which forms the urban environment, as land use mix, density (might be based on population, residential, commercial etc.), urban design characteristics etc. On the other hand, intangible features are comprised of the socio-economic measures of the societies, as demographic, cultural, sociological, economical and historical structure of the related societies. Both tangible and intangible features have a significant role in shaping the physical urban environment and since the inner characteristics of these features cause different kinds of physical urban environment, the inner characteristics of the both tangible and intangible features might have substantial impact on the sustainable urban development. Accordingly, in this study, tangible features related with the urban form, as land use mix, density and urban design characteristics and the effect of these characteristics on the configuration of the physical urban environment in the context of sustainable urban development will be clarified. Pros and cons of the different aspects of land use mix, density and urban design characteristics and their effect on the urban form and the sustainable urban development will be discussed by considering the different variations. Therefore, it could be possible to compose a guide, which leads a way to sustainable urban communities.

Theoretical Approaches in the Context of Spatial Planning Decisions and the Relation with Urban Sustainability

The sustainability agenda has maintained its importance since the days, when the production system took its capitalist form, as well as the population in the urban areas started to rise. Increasing number of both goods and the people have caused the degradation of the certain systems, which generate the urban areas. These systems could mainly be classified as social, environmental, physical and economical systems. Today, urban areas still have difficulty to protect those systems, due to the significant demand of the population. Therefore, studies related with the sustainable issues are significant in the sense of continuity of the urban systems. Therefore, in this paper, those studies in the context of the effects of physical decisions taken in the spatial planning process on urban sustainability, will be examined. The components of the physical decisions are limited to land use, density and design. Land use decisions will be examined in the context of mixed land use. On the other hand, decisions related with density will be analyzed in the sense of population density and floor area ratio (FAR). Besides, design decisions will be examined, by linking them with neighborhood design criteria. Additionally, the term of urban sustainability will only be limited to its social and environmental contexts in this study. Briefly stated, studies in the sustainable literature concerned with the effects of land use, density and design decisions taken in the spatial planning process on the social and environmental sustainability will be examined in this paper. After the compilation and the analyze of those studies, a theoretical approach will be proposed to determine social and environmental sustainability in the context of land use, density and design decisions, taken in the spatial planning process.

Liquefaction Potential of the Settlement Area of Susurluk (Balıkesir, Turkey) In the Context of Earthquake Sensitive Urbanization

The settlement area of Susurluk (Balikesir) is located in a region with a high seismic risk and its territory is in the first degree of earthquake zone according to the earthquake hazard map of Turkey. In addition, the area is suitable for liquefaction in terms of geological criteria. For this reason, the liquefaction potential maps of this settlement area have been prepared. Standard pentatlon test data provided by the Susurluk (Balikesir) municipality were used directly in the so-called simplified methods. According to the results of the study, Almost all of the area where the terrace is observed has None or Low liquefaction susceptibility while the liquefaction susceptibility of the area where the alluvium is observed range Low to High.

Solid Waste Landfill Site Selection in the Sense of Environment Sensitive Sustainable Urbanization: Izmir, Turkey Case

Each stage of the planning process should be based on the natural resource protection, in the sense of environmental sensitive and sustainable urban planning. Values, which are vital for the continuity of the life in the Earth, as soil, water, forest etc. should be protected from the undesired effects of the pollution and the other effects caused by the high urbanization levels. In this context, GIS-MCDM based solid waste landfill site selection is applied for Izmir, Turkey, where is a significant attraction place for tourism. As Multi criteria Decision Making (MCDM) technique, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used. In this study, geological, tectonically and hydrological data, as well as agricultural land use, slope, distance to the settlement areas and the highways are used as inputs for AHP analysis. In the analysis stage, those inputs are rated and weighted. The weighted criteria are evaluated via GIS, by using weighted overlay tool. Therefore, an upper-scale analysis is conducted and a map, which shows the alternative places for the solid waste landfill sites, considering the environmental protection and evaluated in the context of environmental and urban criteria, are obtained.