Sun Caizhi

Evaluation and Hotspots Identification of Shallow Groundwater Contamination Risk in the Lower Reaches of the Liaohe River Plain

Abstract: As a prerequisite for groundwater protection and contamination control, evaluation of groundwater contamination risk was the extension of groundwater vulnerability assessment. Based on disaster theory and using shallow groundwater of the lower reaches of Liaohe River Plain as the study area, we built an evaluation index system and a contamination index model for groundwater contamination risks from the perspectives of intrinsic vulnerability, external stresses, and functional value. We used data acquisition technology (remote sensing) and spatial analysis technology (GIS) to calculate the value of groundwater contamination risks. The spatial distribution of hotspots was obtained by calculating G index. Results show that groundwater contamination is above a mid-level risk in most of the study area. Areas with extreme high risk account for 37.86%, areas with high risk 32.47%, areas with moderate risk 12.07%, areas with light risk 3.17%, and areas with slight risk 14.43%. Hotspots areas are mainly located in central Shenyang City, northwest of Xinmin City, Beizhen City and Liaozhong County. Coldspots are mainly in Panjin City, Yingkou City, Dashiqiao City, Dawa County and Panshan County. The results reflect the spatial distribution and mechanism of groundwater contamination risk in the study area and provide relative references for land use planning and groundwater resource protection in the lower reaches of the Liaohe River Plain.

The Driving Forces and Synergistic Effect Between Regional Economic Growth, Resources and the Environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone

Abstract: From the viewpoints of population, resources, environment and economic-social development, we establish the models of accounting for resource and environmental costs and coordinated (or relative coordinated) development degrees between economic growth and resources and the environment using the evaluation method of ecosystem service value. Synergistic effects between regional economic growth and resources and the environment in the Yangtze River Economic Zone was analyzed and driving forces were analyzed by regression of partial least squares. We found that from 1983 to 2012, resource and environmental costs in the Yangtze River Economic Zone (including seven provinces and two municipalities) increased from 4736.55 trillion CNY to 15 359.45 trillion CNY and corresponding weights dropped from 31.1% to 19.7% compared to the national level. The degree of coordinated development rose from 0.295 to 1.506, higher than the national average. In the years 1983, 1993 and 2003, the main factor that drove the coordinated development of regional economic growth, resources and the environment was low level resource and environmental costs. With continuous increases in primary and tertiary industrial added values after 2012, the advantage of the Yangtze River Economic Zone has weakened. In the future, provinces should improve the rules and regulations on planning and implementing main functional areas, promote adjustment of industrial structure, restore ecology, improve resource utilization efficiency and reduce environmental loss costs to enhance quality of economic development and promote the coordinated development of regional economic growth and resources and the environment.

Changes of Chinese Beginning Date of Vegetation Greenness Period Based on NOAA NDVI

Beginning date of greenness period of vegetation(BGP)is closely related to seasonal dynamics of the lower atmosphere and is therefore an important variable in influences and feed-back mechanisms of global climate variation to terrestrial ecosystem.Detecting BGP using remote-ly sensed data at regional or global scales has become an advanced topic in geography and ecolo-gy.Based on the processed NOAA/AVHRR NDVI data,the study is to use Logistic fitting model on cumulative frequency of NDVI to compute BGP of China by pixels from 1982 to 1999,count the annual average BGP of every vegetation type and bio-climate district,and analyze the inter-annual change trends,spatio-temporal dynamic change feature of BGP of various spatial types.The results indicate that:(1)BGP have an advance trend in most regions and obviously advance in North China Plain,northeast Guizhou,the middle and south Hunan,west Guangxi and typical grassland area of east Inner Mongolia.(2)The regions in which inter-annual fluctuation of BGP are over 10 days are mainly distributed in the area covered with agricultural vegetation types,the areas covered with evergreen vegetation types and the areas covered with steppe vegetation types.Thereinto,the fluctuation of BGP in Hetao plain,Guanzhong basin,east Henan,west Sichuan basin,Guangdong,Taiwan and so on,are over 15 days.(3)BGPs of the other vegetation types ex-cept temperate desert show an advance trends.(4)With the reduction of annual accumulative tem-perature and increase of drought indices,BGP of various bio-climate areas delay.An advance of BGP is found in South China,East China,Central China,North China,Inner Mongolia,Northeast China and Tibet,whereas a delay occurred in Shaanxi,Shanxi and Northwest China.(5)BGP of all vegetation types evidently delay in 1982,1983 or 1984,which may be associated with the strong EI-Nino effect in the 1982-1983 period.

Chinese Marine Economy Development: Dynamic Evolution and Spatial Difference

This study focuses on China’s coastal area and its marine economic development. Applying the information diffusion method, the study establishes a kernel density function and its decomposition using a marine economic per capita as the index of the model to depict the dynamic evolution law and the internal influential factors of the Chinese marine economy during 1996–2013. The relative development rate was introduced to analyze the spatial differences in the marine economy’s development. In this way, space and time dimensions fully characterized the evolution of the Chinese marine economy. Additionally, the influence of growth and inequality in the process of its development can be analyzed. The study shows that the Chinese marine economy as a whole has been growing, and regional marine economic development is relatively coordinated. In addition, the marine economy began to develop even more rapidly after 2004. There are three factors affecting the dynamic evolution of China’s marine economy: first, the most influential mean effect, followed by, second, the variance effect, and third, the least influential residual effect. The biggest influence on the dynamic evolution of the marine economy is the improvement of the development level of the marine economy in the coastal area. Meanwhile, due to the existence of inequality, provinces at higher development levels are more dispersed. Furthermore, the existence of the residual effect weakens the influence of the mean effect, and the influence on the dynamic evolution of the marine economy continuously increases. In the analysis of the influencing factors of the evolution and spatial difference of marine economic development, the level of opening to the outside world, the level of investment in fixed assets and the industrial structure have a positive role in promoting economic development. However, capital investment in scientific human research has a negative correlation with economic development, and does not pass the significant test. The difference in regional development levels and development speed is also very apparent; namely, the provinces with higher development levels generally displayed faster development speeds while those with lower development levels showed slower development speeds across the four periods analyzed.