Sun Mi Zo

Engineering three-dimensional macroporous hydroxyethyl methacrylate-alginate-gelatin cryogel for growth and proliferation of lung epithelial cells.

Three-dimensional (3D) growth of cell is of particular interest in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Scaffolds used for this purpose are often tailor-made to mimic the microenvironment and the extracellular matrix of the tissue with defined role such as to provide appropriate structural, chemical, and mechanical support. The aim of the study was to design the macroporous matrix with potential in the field of tissue engineering especially for lung muscle regeneration. Blend of hydroxyethyl methacrylate-alginate-gelatin (HAG) cryogel scaffold was synthesized using cryogelation technique and this polymer material combination is being reported first time. The rheology study showed the elastic property of the material in wet state with no variation in storage modulus (G′), loss modulus (G″), and phase angle upon temperature variation. The microcomputer tomography (micro-CT) analysis confirmed the homogenous polymer structure with average pore diameter of 84 μm. Scaffold synthesized using polymer combinations which is mixture of polysaccharide (alginate) and protein (gelatin) provides supportive environment for human lung epithelial cell proliferation confirmed by cytoskeletal stain phalloidin and nuclei staining 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole checked for over three weeks. The in vivo biocompatibility was further performed which showed integration of scaffold to the surrounding tissue with ability to recruit cells. However, at first week, small amount of infiltrating mast cells were found which subsequently diminished in following weeks. Immunohistochemistry for dendritic cells confirmed in vivo biocompatible nature of the HAG scaffold. The mechanical strength, stiffness, elastic measurements, in vivo compatibility, and in vitro lung cell proliferation show the potentiality of HAG materials for lung tissue engineering.

Effect of extracts of terminalia chebula on proliferation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts cells: An alternative approach for wound healing

Terminalia chebula is one of the traditional medicines used in the treatment of many diseases. In the present work, different concentrations of various organic and aqueous extracts (solvent-free) of T. chebula were tested on fibroblast (L929) and keratinocytes cells to evaluate its biocompatible concentration by using MTT and live-dead viability/cytotoxic assay. These extracts were found to be effective in decreasing the ammonia accumulation in the media, thereby reducing its toxic effect on cells. DPPH assay further confirmed the free-radical scavenging ability of the extracts which increased with the increase in concentration of each extract. Cell proliferation/apoptosis, cytoskeletal structure, and ECM production were further evaluated by live-dead assay and phalloidin/cytokeratin staining, respectively. The cytoskeletal structure and ECM secretion of the cells treated with extracts showed higher cellular activity in comparison to control. In conclusion, we have demonstrated the effect of these extracts of T. chebula on both types of skin cells and optimized concentration in which it could be used as a bioactive component for wound healing applications by increasing cell proliferation and decreasing free-radical production without affecting the normal cellular matrix. It can also find applications in other therapeutics applications where ammonia toxicity is a limiting factor.

Novel alginate-gelatin hybrid nanoparticle for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications

Novel alginate-gelatin hybrid nanoparticles were fabricated using single oil in water (O/W) emulsification techniques. Physicochemical property of the particle was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Fouriers transmission infrared spectroscopy. Particle size was determined using zeta potential metastasize analyzer and was found to be in range of 400-600 nm. AGNPs were used for culturing human keratinocytes for two weeks to check biocompatibility of synthesized AGNPs. 3-(4,5- Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed increased metabolic activity of cells cultured on AGNPs in comparison to two-dimensional (2D) system (control). Cellular attachment on nanoparticle was further confirmed using SEM and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. The drug release profile shows possible electrostatic bond between alginate and gelatin resulting in controlled release of drug from AGNPs. For the first time alginate-gelatin hybrid nanosystem has been fabricated and all results showed it can be used as potential system for delivery of drug and therapeutical agents to cells and can also be used for regenerative medicine applications.

Advances in Protein-Based Materials: From Origin to Novel Biomaterials

Biomaterials play a very important role in biomedicine and tissue engineering where they directly affect the cellular activities and their microenvironment . Myriad of techniques have been employed to fabricate a vast number natural, artificial and recombinant polymer s in order to harness these biomaterials in tissue regene ration , drug delivery and various other applications. Despite of tremendous efforts made in this field during last few decades, advanced and new generation biomaterials are still lacking. Protein based biomaterials have emerged as an attractive alternatives due to their intrinsic properties like cell to cell interaction , structural support and cellular communications. Several protein based biomaterials like, collagen , keratin , elastin , silk protein and more recently recombinant protein s are being utilized in a number of biomedical and biotechnological processes. These protein-based biomaterials have enormous capabilities, which can completely revolutionize the biomaterial world. In this review, we address an up-to date review on the novel, protein-based biomaterials used for biomedical field including tissue engineering, medical science, regenerative medicine as well as drug delivery. Further, we have also emphasized the novel fabrication techniques associated with protein-based materials and implication of these biomaterials in the domain of biomedical engineering .

Interpenetrating Alginate on Gelatin- Poly (2-hydroxyethyl Methacrylate) as a Functional Polymeric Matrix for Cartilage Tissue Engineering

Abstract In this work, we report the fabrication of an interpenetrating alginate network on a gelatin and (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (GAH). The anisotropic architecture of scaffold promotes the proliferation of chondrocytes. The anisotropy provided by the alginate influences the cellular response because high collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) contents were found in the cells cultured on the GAH scaffold compared to the scaffold (GH) without alginate. The in vivo experiments demonstrate that the scaffold and the disposition of matrix components, particularly collagen, could promote neovascularization with the ability to recruit cells from the surrounding tissue. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Functionalizing cellulose scaffold prepared by ionic liquid with bovine serum albumin for biomedical application

The present study reports the preparation of a cellulose scaffold for tissue engineering directly from cellulose fiber using ionic liquid (IL) by the NaCl leaching method with bovine serum albumin (BSA), which is well known protein utilized for biomedical applications like degradation of polymer, cell attachment and proliferation on scaffold. The 1-n-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (AmimCl) IL was used as a solvent for cellulose. The morphology of the scaffold was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the images showed that the pore sizes of the scaffolds were about 200 µm. In addition, the water uptake (WU) and degree of degradation of the cellulose scaffold were measured. Meanwhile, the biocompatibility and bioactivity of the scaffold were determined via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenytetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and the Live/Dead viability test. The various results demonstrated the ability of the Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) to attach to the surface of the scaffolds amplified as percentage of BSA increased in cellulose scaffold.