nan Sunarti

Screening for G71R mutation of the UGT1A1 gene in the Javanese‐Indonesian and Malay‐Malaysian populations

Abstract Background : There are significant differences in the prevalence and severity of neonatal jaundice among various populations. Recently, it has been reported that a mutation of the UGT1A1 gene, glycine to arginine at codon 71 (G71R), is related to the development of neonatal jaundice in East Asian populations. However, whether the G71R mutation contributes to the high incidence of neonatal jaundice in different Asian populations remains unknown. The authors screened for this mutation in the Javanese‐Indonesian and Malay‐Malaysian populations.

Antidiabetic Potential of Kefir Combination from Goat Milk and Soy Milk in Rats Induced with Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide

The study aimed to evaluate the effect of kefir combination from goat milk and soy milk on lipid profile, plasma glucose, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and the improvement of pancreatic β-cell in diabetic rats. Male rats were divided into five treatments: normal control, diabetic control, goat milk kefir, combination of goat milk-soy milk kefir and soy milk kefir. All rats were induced by streptooztocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA), except for normal control. After 35 d experiment, the rats were sampled for blood, sacrificed and sampled for pancreatic tissues. Results showed that diabetic rats fed kefir combination had higher (p<0.05) triglyceride than the rats fed goat milk or soy milk kefir. Decreasing of plasma glucose in diabetic rats fed kefir combination was higher (p<0.05) than rats fed goat millk kefir. The activity of GPx in diabetic rats fed three kinds of kefir were higher (p<0.01) than untreated diabetic rats. The average number of Langerhans and β-cells in diabetic rats fed kefir combination was the same as the normal control, but it was higher than diabetic control. It was concluded that kefir combination can be used as antidiabetic through maintaining in serum triglyceride, decreasing in plasma glucose, increasing in GPx activity and improving in pancreatic β-cells.

Goat Milk Kefir Supplemented with Porang Glucomannan Improves Lipid Profile and Haematological Parameter in Rat Fed High Fat and High Fructose Diet

Abstract Background and Aims: Diet with a high fat and high sugar is associated with an increased incindence of the metabolic syndrome. Kefir has been known as a natural probiotic, while glucomannan from porang (Amorphophallus oncophyllus) tuber was demonstrated as prebiotic in vivo. Probiotics and prebiotics can be used adjuvant nutritional therapy for metabolic syndrome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of goat milk kefir supplemented with porang glucomannan on the lipid profile and haematological parameters in rats fed with a high-fat/high-fructose (HFHF) diet. Materials and methods: Rats were divided into 5 groups: normal diet; HFHF; HFHF + kefir; HFHF + kefir + glucomannan; and HFHF + simvastatin. Results: There were significant differences before and after treatment in triglycerides and total cholesterol in HFHF + kefir+glucomannan group. The HFHF rats administered kefir with or without glucomannan had higher levels of lymphocytes and lower neutrophils compared to HFHF group (p<0.05). Only goat milk kefir without glucomannan proved to reduce platelets number. Conclusion: Goat milk kefir supplemented with porang glucomannan could improve the health of rats fed high-fat/high-fructose, by decreasing plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, and their immunomodulatory effect by decreasing number of neutrophils and increasing the lymphocytes. Especially for goat milk kefir had antithrombotic activity which important to prevent cardiovascular diseases.

The Effect of Pumpkin on GLP-1 and HOMA-β in Hypercholesterolemic Rats

Abstract Background and aim: High fat and fructose diet may impair β cell function through oxidative stress that is induced by subsequent hypercholesterolemia. The β cell function is usually quantified by homeostatic model assessment beta-cell function (HOMA-β). Oxidative stress may be decreased by β-carotene from pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pumpkin powder on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) level and HOMA-β in rats with high fat and fructose diet. Material and method: A total 25 rats were administered a high fat and fructose diet during 25 days. They were divided into five groups 1) normal, 2) hypercholesterolemic rats 3) hypercholesterolemic rats with 0.16 g pumpkin/200g bodyweight (BW); 4) hypercholesterolemic rats with 0.32 g pumpkin/200 g BW, and 5) hypercholesterolemic rats with 0.64 g of pumpkin/200 g BW. The lipid levels were measured before and after administration of pumpkin for 4 weeks, and at the end of the study, GLP-1 level and HOMA-β were analyzed. Results: Administration of pumpkin to the rats on a high fat and fructose diet reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride, and increased HDL levels. Changes were positively correlated with the amount of pumpkin intake. The decrease of cholesterol levels was positively associated with GLP-1 level, and negatively correlated with HOMA-β Conclusions: This study suggested that pumpkin can improve the HOMA-β and decrease GLP-1 levels, possibly by reducing cholesterol levels.

Effect of 7-Hydroxy-2-(4-Hydroxy-3-Methoxy-Phenyl)-Chroman-4-One (Swietenia Macrophylla King Seed) on Retinol Binding Protein-4 and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene Expression in Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Abstract Background and Aims: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia due to a defect of insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. There are increasing evidence that active compounds of medicinal plants may be used to treat diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenyl)-chroman-4-one flavonoid compound of the Swietenia macrophylla King seed on homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and retinol binding protein-4 (RBP4) gene expression in diabetic rats. Materials and Method: Thirty Wistar rats were used with 5 in each group as follows: 1) normal rats; 2) diabetic rats; 3) diabetic rats with metformin; 4), 5) and 6) diabetic rats with a 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenly)-chroman-4-one 10, 30 and 90 mg/200 g body weight (BW) respectively. Blood glucose and insulin levels were analyzed before and after treatment. At the end of the study, the liver tissue was removed for quantitative PCR (qPCR) analyses. Results: Blood glucose levels decreased significantly (p<0.05) in diabetic rats with metformin and three different dosages of 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenly)-chroman-4-one. Insulin levels increased significantly (p<0.05) in diabetic rats with metformin and diabetic rats with 10 mg/200 g BW of 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenly)-chroman-4-one. HOMA-IR value decreased significantly (p<0.05) in diabetic rats with metformin and three different dosages of 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenly)-chroman-4-one. There was a significant decrease of PEPCK gene expression in the group with 90 mg/200 g BW of 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenly)-chroman-4-one. RBP4 gene expression showed a decline, but the difference between groups was not statistically different. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that 7-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenly)-chroman-4-one increased insulin and decreased blood glucose level, HOMA-IR value and PEPCK gene expression.

The Influence of Goat Milk and Soybean Milk Kefir On IL-6 and Crp Levels in Diabetic Rats

Abstract Background and Aims: Hyperglycemia increases inflammation in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Goat and soybean milks have been known to reduce inflammation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of goat milk and soybean milk kefir on IL-6 and CRP levels in diabetic rats. Materials and Method: A total of 25 male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: 1) normal rats; 2) diabetic rats; 3) diabetic rats with intake of goat milk kefir; 4) diabetic rats with intake of soybean milk kefir; and 5) diabetic rats with combination of both types of kefir. Before kefir administration for 4 weeks, plasma glucose was measured. After treatment, plasma glucose, CRP and IL-6 levels were assessed. Results: There was a significant decline of plasma glucose in diabetic rats with goat milk kefir (p=0.021), and in diabetic rats with the combination of both goat milk and soybean milk kefir (p<0.001). After treatment, CRP level in diabetic rats was significantly higher when compared with those that had goat milk kefir (p=0.043). All of diabetic rats with kefir had IL-6 values significantly lower than diabetic rats without it (p=0.021). Conclusion: Both goat milk and soybean milk kefir can reduce IL-6 level, but only goat milk kefir can reduce CRP in diabetic rats.

Dioscorea esculenta increase cytochrome c oxidase 1 expression and adenosine triphosphate in diabetic rats

BACKGROUND: The low cytochrome c oxidase (COX)-1 activity was associated with reduction of adenosin triphosphate (ATP) production in diabetes mellitus (DM) individuals. Interestingly, the secondary metabolite of Dioscorea esculenta (lesser yam) fermentation in gut can increase ATP production. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lesser yam diet on ATP level and COX-1 expression in type 2 diabetic rats. METHODS: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups: (1) normal rats (N), (2) diabetic rats (DM), (3) diabetic rats with lesser yam 200 mg/kg BW (DMT1), (4) diabetic rats with lesser yam 400 mg/kg BW (DMT2), (5) diabetic rats with lesser yam 800 mg/kg BW (DMT3). The diabetic rats were induced by nicotinamide and streptozotocin and had plasma glucose more than 126 mg/dL. ATP was measured before and after 4 weeks of intervention. COX-1-was determined at skeletal muscle, heart, liver, brown adipose tissue and kidney after intervention using immuno-histochemistry (IHC). RESULTS: Fasting blood glucose was reduced in all intervention groups compared to DM group (p = 0.016). ATP level was significantly increased in DMT1 group and slightly higher in DMT2 and DMT3 compared with the negative control (p > 0.05). After the intervention, COX-1 protein expression was higher in kidney, liver and skeletal muscle in diabetic rats received lesser yam compared to DM group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study we found that lesser yam reduced fasting blood glucose, increase plasma ATP and expression of COX-1 protein.