Sunday A. Afolalu

Finite Element Modelling of Electrokinetic Deposition of Zinc on Mild Steel with ZnO-Citrus sinensis as Nano-Additive

The electrokinetic deposition of zinc on mild steel substrate under the influence of ZnO-Citrus sinensis nano-additive was investigated numerically using a Finite Element (FE) solver. The conductivity of the Acid chloride plus ZnO-Citrus sinensis nano-additive electrolyte and the properties of Zinc and mild steel electrodes were used as the input codes for the model. The model was designed on a 3-dimensional scale. The boundary conditions were set and the model was meshed using the finer mesh capability in the FE solver. The model was processed and readings of the modelled zinc deposited mild steel were taken, validated and analysed so as to get the optimum parameters from the deposition process. Based on the results, the deposition mass and thickness increased with deposition time with ZnO-Citrus sinensis nano-additive, it is thus recommended that relatively high deposition time should be used in order to achieve optimum deposition.

Investigation of Wear Land and Rate of Locally Made HSSCutting Tool

Production technology and machining are inseparable with cutting operation playing important roles. Investigation of wear land and rate of cutting tool developed locally (C=0.56%) with an HSS cutting tool (C=0.65%) as a control was carried out. Wear rate test was carried out using Rotopol –V and Impact tester. The samples (12) of locally made cutting tools and one (1) sample of a control HSS cutting tool were weighed to get the initial weight and grit was fixed at a point for the sample to revolve at a specific time of 10 mins interval. Approach of macro transfer particles that involved mechanism of abrasion and adhesion which was termed as mechanical wear to handle abrasion adhesion processes was used in developing equation for growth wear at flank. It was observed from the wear test that best minimum wear rate of 1.09 x10-8 and 2.053x10-8 for the tools developed and control were measured. MATLAB was used to simulate the wear land and rate under different conditions. Validated results of both the experimental and modeling showed that cutting speed has effect on wear rate while cutting time has predicted measure on wear land. Both experimental and modeling result showed best performances of tools developed over the control.

Impact of Heat Treatment on HSS Cutting Tool (ASTM A600) and Its Behaviour during Machining Of Mild Steel(ASTM A36)

Carburization is one the best heat treatment that responded well to hardening with Palm Kernel Shell giving the best hardness value. This work studied the influence of carburization on HSStool(ASTM A600) and its behaviour during machining of mild steel (ASTM A36). Composition of the samples (12 pieces of 180 x 12 x12 mm) HSS tools were checked using UV-VIS spectrometer and the tools were carburized with PKS at holding temperatures and time of 800, 850, 900,950 oC and 60,90 120 minutes using muffle furnance. The micro structural analysis, surface and core hardnessof the treated samples gave better results than the untreated samples when checked withsoft driven and optical microscope. It wasalso observed that increase in the feed rate and depth for length of cut of 50 mm significantly reduces the wear progression and thereby gave best machining time at maximum carburizing temperature and time(950 oC / 120 minutes) when it was used to cut mild steelon the lathe machine.

Data showing the effects of temperature and time variances on nano-additives treatment of mild steel during machining

The effects of temperature and time variances on nano-additives treatment of mild steel during machining was presented in this study. Mild steel of 150 kg mass containing 0.56% carbon was charged into the furnace at melting and pouring temperature of 1539 and 1545 °C respectively. Also charged into the furnace with the mild steel were 0.05% max phosphorous and a bit of sulphur. Thereafter, the sample was cooled and annealed at a temperature of 900 °C for 9 h and then cooled to 300 °C of hardening, normalizing and tempering respectively. The treated samples were then soaked with pulverized in palm kernel shell and barium carbonate (20%) energizer at respective temperatures (800, 850, 900 and 950 °C) and time variances (60, 90 and 120 min) in a muffle furnace. The developed tool was tested on a lathe machine to evaluate its performance. The surface and core hardness, wear resistance and toughness were carried out using the hardness tester, Rotopol–V and impact tester respectively. This is essential for predicting the useful life of the tool in service.

Dataset on experimental investigation of optimum carburizing temperature and holding time of bi-nano additives treatment of AISI 5130 steel

Investigation of optimum carburizing temperature and holding time on bi- nano additives treatment of AISI 5130 steel was presented in this study. AISI 5130 steel of 100 kg mass of 0.35% carbon content was buried in pulverized additives consisting of palm kernel and coconut shell using eggshell as an energizer. Four sets of 150×150×150 mm3 steel boxes packed with additives mixed at varying weight ratio of 50: 30:20 and sixty-four pieces of 20×20×5 mm3 AISI 5130 steel were case hardened using muffle furnace (2500 °C max capacity) at respective temperatures and time of 950, 1000, 1050, 1100 °C and 60, 90, 120, 180 min. The core, interface and surface hardness of the treated samples with their respective weight loss, wear volume and rate were investigated. This dataset could be used in nano-composite match mixed ratio and optimization of carburizing medium and time for any industrial used case hardened steel.

Experimental and Mathematical Modeling for Prediction of Tool Wear on the Machining of Aluminium 6061 Alloy by High Speed Steel Tools

Abstract In recent machining operation, tool life is one of the most demanding tasks in production process, especially in the automotive industry. The aim of this paper is to study tool wear on HSS in end milling of aluminium 6061 alloy. The experiments were carried out to investigate tool wear with the machined parameters and to developed mathematical model using response surface methodology. The various machining parameters selected for the experiment are spindle speed (N), feed rate (f), axial depth of cut (a) and radial depth of cut (r). The experiment was designed using central composite design (CCD) in which 31 samples were run on SIEG 3/10/0010 CNC end milling machine. After each experiment the cutting tool was measured using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The obtained optimum machining parameter combination are spindle speed of 2500 rpm, feed rate of 200 mm/min, axial depth of cut of 20 mm, and radial depth of cut 1.0mm was found out to achieved the minimum tool wear as 0.213 mm. The mathematical model developed predicted the tool wear with 99.7% which is within the acceptable accuracy range for tool wear prediction.

Experimental Investigation of the Effect of ZnO-Citrus sinensis Nano-additive on the Electrokinetic Deposition of Zinc on Mild Steel in Acid Chloride

This work investigated the effect of ZnO-Citrus sinensis nano-additive on the electrokinetic deposition of Zinc on mild steel in acid chloride. Fifty-four plates of (100 × 10 × 3) mm3 mild steel samples were cut, cleaned with dilute H2SO4 solution, rinsed in water and dried. The nano-additive was produced by infusing 30 ml Orange Juice extract in Zinc Oxide solution. The acid chloride electrolyte consisting of 71 g ZnCl, 207 g KCl and 35 g H3BO3 in 1 l of distilled water was divided into six portions. The nano-additive with different molar concentrations 0(0.2)1.0 was added to each portion of the acid chloride. Nine plates of mild steel samples were electroplated with zinc as the anode in each of the six prepared electrolyte solution and plated at different times (three plates each at 10, 15 and 20 min). The effects of electroplating on the average weights were measured and the results from the experiment showed the optimal nano-additive concentration and electroplating time.

Stainless Steel Corrosion Resistance in 0.5 M H 2 SO 4 Using Cassia fistula Extract

A study of the corrosion behavior of stainless steel (SS) in 0.5 M sulphuric acid using Cassia fistula leaf extract (CFLE) at 30 °C was carried out. The study was conducted by taking the SS samples, in inhibited and uninhibited solutions through linear sweep voltammetry tests, and then subjecting the recorded data from the experiment to analysis, to yield the surface coverage, inhibitor efficiency, inhibition mechanism and adsorption model. The analysed data showed that inhibitor efficiency ranged from 98.59 to 95.25% at 2 and 8 g/L respectively. Surface coverage data for the experiment fitted well to the Langmuir model with a separation factor parameter showing favourable adsorption. Inhibitor adsorption was spontaneous showing overriding physical adsorption, while an anodic inhibition mechanism was displayed. CFLE promoted the overriding influence of the chromium oxide passive film on the SS metal surface to forestall the aggressive effect of sulphuric acid.