Sunday Olayinka Oyedepo

Energy and sustainable development in Nigeria: the way forward

Access to clean modern energy services is an enormous challenge facing the African continent because energy is fundamental for socioeconomic development and poverty eradication. Today, 60% to 70% of the Nigerian population does not have access to electricity. There is no doubt that the present power crisis afflicting Nigeria will persist unless the government diversifies the energy sources in domestic, commercial, and industrial sectors and adopts new available technologies to reduce energy wastages and to save cost. This review examines a set of energy policy interventions, which can make a major contribution to the sustainable economic, environmental, and social development of Africas most populated country, Nigeria. Energy efficiency leads to important social benefits, such as reducing the energy bills for poor households. From an economic point of view, implementing the countrys renewable energy target will have significant costs, but these can partly be offset by selling carbon credits according to the rules of the ‘Clean Development Mechanism’ agreed some 10 years ago, which will result in indirect health benefits.Nigeria could benefit from the targeted interventions that would reduce the local air pollution and help the country to tackle greenhouse gas emissions. Many factors that need to be considered and appropriately addressed in the shift to its sustainable energy future are examined in this article. These include a full exploitation and promotion of renewable energy resources, energy efficiency practices, as well as the application of energy conservation measures in various sectors such as in the construction of industrial, residential, and office buildings, in transportation, etc.

Analysis of wind speed data and wind energy potential in three selected locations in south-east Nigeria

In this study, the wind speed characteristics and energy potential in three selected locations in the southeastern part of Nigeria were investigated using wind speed data that span between 24 and 37 years and measured at a height of 10 m. It was shown that the annual mean wind speed at a height of 10 m for Enugu, Owerri and Onitsha are 5.42, 3.36 and 3.59 m/s, respectively, while the annual mean power densities are 96.98, 23.23 and 28.34 W/m2, respectively. It was further shown that the mean annual value of the most probable wind speed are 5.47, 3.72 and 3.50 m/s for Enugu, Owerri and Onitsha, respectively, while the respective annual value of the wind speed carrying maximum energy are 6.48, 4.33 and 3.90 m/s. The performance of selected commercial wind turbine models (with rated power between 50 and 1,000 kW) designed for electricity generation and a windmill (rated power, 0.36 kW) for water pumping located in these sites was examined. The annual energy output and capacity factor for these turbines, as well as the water produced by the windmill, were determined. The minimum required design parameters for a wind turbine to be a viable option for electricity generation in each location are also suggested.

Efficient energy utilization as a tool for sustainable development in Nigeria

This study takes a look at the national energy outlook of Nigeria. Energy utilization pattern of the country was investigated, and possible areas of energy conservation in the major economic sectors (industry, transportation, office and residential buildings) were considered. The study reveals that there is inefficient utilization of energy in the major economic sectors of the country. This study presented several energy conservation opportunities to cause energy savings and identified about six major areas through which energy conservation measures can effectively cause some savings in energy and allow for its stability. Such areas of focus for application of energy conservation measures include manufacturing/industrial setup, office and residential buildings, power generation and distribution, transportation, energy conservation through waste control etc. Various measures that need to be considered and appropriately addressed in moving towards energy sustainability in Nigeria have been recommended among which are energy use in ventilating equipment, lighting, electrically operated industrial machines and engines, design for energy-efficient buildings etc.

Economic Assessment of Water Pumping Systems Using Wind Energy Conversion Systems in the Southern Part of Nigeria

This study assessed the wind energy potential and the economic viability of the water pumping systems supplied by various wind turbine models. The two-parameter Weibull probability density function was employed to analyze the wind speed data collected between 1971 and 2007 by the Nigerian Meteorological Agency for seven meteorological stations, in the southern part of Nigeria, namely Asaba, Calabar, Ogoja, P-Harcourt, Uyo, Benin-City, and Warri. The performance of small to medium size commercial wind turbine models of various rated powers ranging from 5.2 kW to 250 kW were investigated and economic evaluation of the wind energy in all the sites was performed using the levelised cost method. The results showed that the annual mean wind speeds range from 3.09 m/s at Warri to 4.15 m/s at Calabar, while the corresponding annual mean power densities vary from 23.17 W/m2 to 56.22 W/m2. Our analysis demonstrated that the wind resource in all the sites considered fall into Class 1 wind resource category, hence, they can marginally be considered for small scale standalone system for electricity generation. The cost of energy production per kWh for the selected sites varies between

Exergy costing analysis and performance evaluation of selected gas turbine power plants

0.090 at Ogoja and

Performance evaluation of selected gas turbine power plants in Nigeria using energy and exergy methods

2.118 at Uyo. Moreover, the cost of water delivered varies from

Exergoeconomic analysis and performance assessment of selected gas turbine power plants

3.33 per cubic metres in Calabar to

Transmission Network Enhancement with Renewable Energy

54.96 per cubic metres in Uyo.

Assessment of Energy Saving Potentials in Covenant University, Nigeria

Abstract In this study, exergy costing analysis and performance evaluation of selected gas turbine power plants in Nigeria are carried out. The results of exergy analysis confirmed that the combustion chamber is the most exergy destructive component compared to other cycle components. The exergetic efficiency of the plants was found to depend significantly on a change in gas turbine inlet temperature (GTIT). The increase in exergetic efficiency with the increase in turbine inlet temperature is limited by turbine material temperature limit. This was observed from the plant efficiency defect curve. As the turbine inlet temperature increases, the plant efficiency defect decreases to minimum value at certain GTIT (1,200 K), after which it increases with GTIT. This shows degradation in performance of gas turbine plant at high turbine inlet temperature. Exergy costing analysis shows that the combustion chamber has the greatest cost of exergy destruction compared to other components. Increasing the GTIT, both the exergy destruction and the cost of exergy destruction of this component are found to decrease. Also, from exergy costing analysis, the unit cost of electricity produced in the power plants varies from cents 1.99/kWh (N3.16/kWh) to cents 5.65/kWh (N8.98/kWh).

Development of noise map for Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria

This study presents thermodynamic analysis of the design and performance of eleven selected gas turbine power plants using the first and second laws of thermodynamics concepts. Energy and exergy analyses were conducted using operating data collected from the power plants to determine the energy loss and exergy destruction of each major component of the gas turbine plant. Energy analysis showed that the combustion chamber and the turbine are the components having the highest proportion of energy loss in the plants. Energy loss in combustion chamber and turbine varied from 33.31 to 39.95% and 30.83 to 35.24% respectively. The exergy analysis revealed that the combustion chamber is the most exergy destructive component compared to other cycle components. Exergy destruction in the combustion chamber varied from 86.05 to 94.67%. Combustion chamber has the highest exergy improvement potential which range from 30.21 to 88.86 MW. Also, its exergy efficiency is lower than that of other components studied, which is due to the high temperature difference between working fluid and burner temperature. Increasing gas turbine inlet temperature (GTIT), the exergy destruction of this component can be reduced.