Sunder Singh

A pharmacological evaluation of antidiarrhoeal activity of leaves extract of Murraya koenigii in experimentally induced diarrhoea in rats

Abstract Objective To evaluate anti-diarrhoeal activity of aqueous and alcoholic extract of the leaves of Murraya koenigii (M. koenigii)by using models of castor oil induced diarrhoea, charcoal meal test and PGE2 induced diarrhoea. Methods Alcoholic extract (400 mg/kg) and aqueous extract (200 mg/kg) of leaves of Murraya koenigii were used with loperamide as standard. Albino Wistar rats of both sexes weighing between 150–250 g were used for the anti-diarrhoeal activity. Results The result suggested that it could act centrally and inhibit the PGE2 to give anti-diarrhoeal effects. Result of charcoal meal test also suggested its anti-muscarnic activity. Conclusions These findings indicate that aqueous extract of the leaves of M. koenigii displays good anti-diarrhoeal activity, corroborating the folk use of M. koenigii preparations and contributing for its pharmacological validation.

Coupled inductor bidirectional DC-DC converter for improved performance

Energy storage is the major concern in smart micro grids like in renewable power generation, electric vehicles and small scale DC-UPS systems. This paper proposes analysis, and voltage mode control of coupled inductor bidirectional converter. Unfortunately, switches of four and beyond in isolated schemes increase production costs and reduce conversion efficiency, and non-isolated topologies suffer from high voltage/current stress. As compared with the counterparts of conventional converter topologies, the proposed converter has the merits of less component count, high efficiency, and smaller size. The high voltage diversity enables a battery module of low voltage to be interfaced with the high-voltage dc bus or the micro grid for subsequent utilization. The battery fed bidirectional converter with controller to regulate the DC link voltage and battery charge voltage is implemented in the Simulink/Matlab environment. Also, experimental confirmation of the proposed converter is shown.

Antidiarrhoeal activity of Rotula aquatica in rats

Objective nTo evaluate the antidiarrhoeal effect of alcoholic extract of Rotula aquatica by using different experimental models.

Genotypic differences in water status, membrane integrity, ionic content, N2-fixing efficiency and dry matter of mungbean nodules under saline irrigation

A pot experiment was conducted under natural conditions of screen house to evaluate the effect of saline irrigation given at flowering stage (30–35 DAS) on nodule functioning and their tolerance in two mungbean genotypes viz. Asha and Muskan based on various physiological traits. The pots containing sandy soil (Typic Torrispamments) were saturated with Cl-dominated saline irrigation to maintain ECe of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 dS m−1 as compared to control. In both the genotypes osmotic potential (Ψs) and relative water content (RWC %) of nodules decreased significantly, while a sharp rise in proline and total soluble sugars contents were observed with the increasing level of saline irrigation after 10 and 20 days of treatment. A marked increase in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), lipid peroxidation (MDA content) and relative stress injury (RSI %) was noticed in nodules which were much higher in Muskan. The decrease in Ψs of nodules was more pronounced in Asha than in Muskan, while reverse was true for RWC and proline accumulation. A sharp decline in acetylene reduction assay (ARA) for N2-fixation, leghemoglobin content and dry matter of the nodules was observed, but was more in Muskan than in Asha. Nitrogen (N) content declined while Na+/K+ ratio and Cl− content increased significantly. The genotype Asha maintained better N2-fixing efficiency but lower Na+/K+ ratio and Cl− content in nodules than Muskan. Though the nodule functioning was further deteriorated at 20 DAT in both the genotypes yet the tolerance capacity of nodules in Asha was better than in Muskan under saline conditions which is correlated with the compensatory mechanism i.e. osmoregulation in nodules.