Sung-Woo Lee

Spatial glocalization in Asia-Pacific hub port cities: A comparison of Hong Kong and Singapore

Port competition at both the regional and global scales results in port concentration and deconcentration, respectively. Whereas a number of recent studies interpret such phenomena as the effects of global forces such as containerization, few researchers have investigated local forces, such as the evolving relationships between urban policy and port growth. This study compares how two global hub port cities in the Asia-Pacific region, Hong Kong and Singapore, have sustained their port functions while transforming into major economic centers. Entropy indexes are calculated by district based on service industries related to port activities between 1993 and 2004. The results show the influences of port competition, lack of space, and congestion on changes in port-related activities. We conclude that cross-border integration is a main differentiating factor in the evolution of these hub port cities.

Measuring Intermodalism at European Port Cities: An Employment-based Study

Since many studies on intermodalism face a lack of empirical evidence and comparative research, this paper focuses on the modal distribution of employment among 76 European port cities. Data is collected from 9,000 companies and more than one million employees involved in port, sea, air, road, rail, warehousing, forwarding, and logistics, together with population, port, and air traffics. Results of the factor analysis show inter-modal linkages and allow differentiating the port cities. It appears that the recurrent opposition between freight and passenger-oriented specialisations is largely influenced by a European core-periphery spatial pattern.

Chapter 16 Port Governance in Korea

Until recently, Korea has been enjoying prosperous developments in container ports along with its national economy. Korean ports have passed through a variety of port governance stages. In the early period, only the government was a player in the industry, doing everything associated with management, operations and policy. However, the industry has gradually been opened to private entities to accommodate the changed environment. This evolutional movement results in a somewhat complex picture of governance structures in Korea. This chapter aims to discuss the evolution of such movements largely in terms of administrative and ownership structures since the 1960s.