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Dive into the research topics where Suresh Purohit is active.

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Featured researches published by Suresh Purohit.


Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy | 2010

Targeted drug delivery of Rifampicin to the lungs: formulation, characterization, and stability studies of preformed aerosolized liposome and in situ formed aerosolized liposome.

Praveen Kumar Gaur; Shikha Mishra; Vipin Gupta; Mahendra Singh Rathod; Suresh Purohit; Bhavin A. Savla

Purpose: This study aimed at the preparation and characterization of preformed and in situ formed liposomes for sustained delivery to the lungs. Methods: Two different liposome formulations were prepared and subjected to characterization of physical parameters and drug release profile (% cumulative drug release and % drug retained). Formulations were then subjected to accelerated stability studies as per ICH guidelines. Results: In situ formed liposome showed better sustained release profile than the preformed liposome as it released sufficient amount of drug while retaining considerable amount of drug. Upon subjection to accelerated conditions for 60 days, preformed liposome lost the objective of being controlled release formulation.


Pharmaceutical Development and Technology | 2014

Preparation, characterization and permeation studies of a nanovesicular system containing diclofenac for transdermal delivery.

Praveen Kumar Gaur; Suresh Purohit; Yatendra Kumar; Shikha Mishra; Anil Bhandari

Abstract Context: Transdermal formulations contain permeation enhancer which causes skin damage. Ceramide 2 is natural lipid found in stratum corneum (SC). Objective: Drug-loaded nanovesicles of ceramide-2, cholesterol, palmitic acid, cholesteryl sulfate were formulated and analyzed for physical and biological properties. Diclofenac was used as a model drug. Materials and method: The vesicles were prepared using the film hydration method and characterized for physical parameters, in vitro drug release, accelerated stability studies and formulated into gel. Respective gels were compared with a commercial formulation (CEG) and plain carbopol gel (CG) containing drug for ex vivo, in vivo drug permeation and anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The vesicles were stable with optimum physical parameters. DCG-1 showed 92.89% in vitro drug release. Ceramide vesicles showed drug release between 18 and 25 μg/cm2 whereas CG and CEG released 0.33 and 1.35 μg/cm2 drug, respectively. DCG-1 and CEG showed corresponding Cmax at 6 and 4 h, respectively. DCG-1 showed six times AUC than CEG. DCG-1 inhibited edema by 86.37% by 4th hour of application. Discussion: The presence of ceramide 2 specifically promotes the drug permeation through SC and dermis and also contribute towards stability and non-irritancy. Conclusion: The composition of the nanovesicle played an important role in physical properties and drug permeation.


Pharmaceutical Development and Technology | 2014

Formulation, evaluation and 32 full factorial design-based optimization of ondansetron hydrochloride incorporated taste masked microspheres

Vandana Kharb; Vikas Anand Saharan; Kapil Dev; Hemant R. Jadhav; Suresh Purohit

Abstract Context: Masking the bitter taste of Ondansetron hydrochloride (ONS) may improve palatability, acceptance and compliance of ONS products. Objective: ONS-loaded, taste-masked microspheres were prepared with a polycationic pH-sensitive polymer and 32 full factorial design (FFD) was applied to optimize microsphere batches. Materials and methods: Solvent evaporation, in acetone--methanol/liquid paraffin system, was used to prepare taste-masked ONS microspheres. The effect of varying drug/polymer (D/P) ratios on microspheres characteristics were studied by 32 FFD. Desirability function was used to search the optimum formulation. Microspheres were evaluated by FTIR, XRD and DSC to examine interaction and effect of microencapsulation process. In vitro taste assessment approach based on bitterness threshold and drug release was used to assess bitterness scores. Results: Prepared ONS microspheres were spherical and surface was wrinkled. ONS was molecularly dispersed in microspheres without any incompatibility with EE100. In hydrochloric acid buffer pH 1.2, ONS released completely from microsphere in just 10 min. Contrary to this, ONS release at initial 5 min from taste-masked microspheres was less than the bitterness threshold. Conclusion: Full factorial design and in vitro taste assessment approach, coupled together, was successfully applied to develop and optimize batches of ONS incorporated taste-masked microspheres.


BioMed Research International | 2013

Solid lipid nanoparticles of guggul lipid as drug carrier for transdermal drug delivery.

Praveen Kumar Gaur; Shikha Mishra; Suresh Purohit

Diclofenac sodium loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) were formulated using guggul lipid as major lipid component and analyzed for physical parameters, permeation profile, and anti-inflammatory activity. The SLNs were prepared using melt-emulsion sonication/low temperature-solidification method and characterized for physical parameters, in vitro drug release, and accelerated stability studies, and formulated into gel. Respective gels were compared with a commercial emulgel (CEG) and plain carbopol gel containing drug (CG) for ex vivo and in vivo drug permeation and anti-inflammatory activity. The SLNs were stable with optimum physical parameters. GMS nanoparticle 1 (GMN-1) and stearic acid nanoparticle 1 (SAN-1) gave the highest in vitro drug release. Guggul lipid nanoparticle gel 3 (GLNG-3) showed 104.68 times higher drug content than CEG in receptor fluid. The enhancement ratio of GLNG-3 was 39.43 with respect to CG. GLNG-3 showed almost 8.12 times higher C max than CEG at 4 hours. The AUC value of GLNG-3 was 15.28 times higher than the AUC of CEG. GLNG-3 showed edema inhibition up to 69.47% in the first hour. Physicochemical properties of major lipid component govern the properties of SLN. SLN made up of guggul lipid showed good physical properties with acceptable stability. Furthermore, it showed a controlled drug release profile along with a promising permeation profile.


European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences | 2014

Formulation and evaluation of lipid based taste masked granules of ondansetron HCl

Vandana Kharb; Vikas Anand Saharan; Vivek Kharb; Hemant R. Jadhav; Suresh Purohit

INTRODUCTION AND AIM Various taste masking approaches comprising the excipients which delay the reach of the drug to taste buds are reported. Lipidic substances can act as release retarding agent and provides a matrix base responsible for suppressing the bitter taste of drug. This work was aimed to study the influence of different proportions of a lipid carrier on the inhibition of bitterness of the drug vis-a-vis in vitro release of drug from the granules. METHODS The lipid-matrix granules of ondansetron HCl with Geleol pellets (glycerol monostearate) were obtained by manual hot melt fusion technique. The prepared granules were characterized by SEM, DSC and XRD. The taste assessment of prepared granules was done by in vitro method based on drug release. RESULTS Distribution of drug inside the lipid-matrix granules was not properly analyzed by DSC and XRD, moreover these studies revealed no interaction between the drug and lipid. The dissolution tests displayed the significant retardation of drug release from the granules compared to pure drug and additionally indicated the attainment of matrix system via appearance of unbroken granules during in vitro testing. Higuchi relationship for drug release was obtained by drug release kinetics, which also revealed the functioning drug release mechanism, as diffusion controlled but the addition of hydrophilic substance (Cab-o-sil) has changed the mechanism of drug release. CONCLUSION The proportions of Geleol and Cab-o-sil taken in granules had affected the dissolution profile. Higher amount of GE resulted in high taste masking ability.


Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy | 2014

Ceramide-2 nanovesicles for effective transdermal delivery: development, characterization and pharmacokinetic evaluation

Praveen Kumar Gaur; Suresh Purohit; Yatendra Kumar; Shikha Mishra; Anil Bhandari

Abstract Context: The vesicles based on skin lipid have a drug localization effect and its main lipid, ceramide provides protective and regenerative effects while oleic acid (OA) is a penetration enhancer, however, it causes slight irritation, so we have formulated formulation incorporating both of these to develop a transdermal formulation for better permeation. Objective: Present study investigated the preparation and characterization of physicochemical properties and permeation of nanovesicles of ceramide-2 containing OA and palmitic acid (PA) respectively and a commercial gel. Materials and methods: The vesicles were made using ceramide 2, cholesterol (Chol), cholesteryl sulfate (CS) and OA or PA, respectively, using film hydration method. The vesicles were characterized for physicochemical properties, ex vivo permeation using human skin and pharmacokinetic parameters and anti-inflammatory activity in rats. Results: The vesicles showed size at 102–125 nm while PDI was 0.11–0.13 and negative zeta potential. OV-3 showed highest entrapment efficiency. The drug fluxes were 92.02 and 8.920 μg/cm2/h, respectively, for OV-3 and PV-1. The Cmax were 7.91 and 4.01 μg/ml at 4 and 6 h for OV-3 (2.5 mg) and PV-1 (10 mg), respectively. OV-3 and PV-1 showed 98.8% and 77.36% edema inhibition, respectively, at 3 h. Discussion: Both formulations showed similar physical parameters and different permeation since OA get incorporated in vesicles and increases its permeability and ceramide makes sure that vesicles can rapidly traverse the stratum corneum. Conclusion: OV-3 containing 3% OA showed optimum physical parameters and good permeation with maximum anti-inflammatory activity.


Journal of Biomaterials Science-polymer Edition | 2013

Development of aceclofenac nanovesicular system using biomaterial for transdermal delivery: physical characterization, ex vivo, in vivo, and anti-inflammatory studies

Praveen Kumar Gaur; Suresh Purohit; Shikha Mishra

Context: Aceclofenac is an important NSAID; however, it causes GI disturbances whereas employing transdermal route would require permeation enhancer for systemic application, thereby causing skin damage. Ceramide 2 is a natural lipid having an important role in the maintenance of skin. Objective: Aceclofenac-loaded nanovesicles of ceramide-2, cholesterol, palmitic acid, and cholesteryl sulfate were formulated and analyzed for physical and biological properties. Materials and method: Film hydration method was used to prepare the vesicles and physical parameters, in vitro drug release and stability were evaluated. Then, they were formulated into gel and evaluated against a commercial formulation (CF) and gel-containing plain drug (CPG) for ex vivo, in vivo drug permeation, and anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The developed formulations showed best physical profile and ACV-1 gave 92.89% drug release in in vitro studies. Ex vivo studies showed drug permeation between 15.32–31.12 μg/cm2, whereas CPG and CF released 0.47 and 2.81 μg/cm2, respectively. ACVG-1 and CF showed Cmax of 8.1 and 1.2 μg/ml at 8 and 4 h, respectively. ACVG-1 showed 11.6 times AUC than CF. ACVG-1 inhibited edema by 44% in first hour itself. Discussion: Ceramide 2 and palmitic acid played an important role in the formulation and promotes the drug permeation through stratum corneum and dermis. Ceramide content of the formulation also contributes towards stability and skin protection. Conclusion: The composition of the vesicle formulation performs an important role in physical properties and drug permeation, thereby producing an optimum formulation.


Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology | 2014

Development and characterization of stable nanovesicular carrier for drug delivery

Praveen Kumar Gaur; Suresh Purohit; Yatendra Kumar; Shikha Mishra; Anil Bhandari

Abstract Lipid vesicles are an important drug carrier which can serve for controlled delivery of drugs; however, these vesicles are quite unstable at ambient temperature and require stringent storage condition. Present work was done to develop a stable vesicular system for drug delivery. Vesicles of ceramide-2, cholesterol, cholesterol sulfate, and palmitic acid were prepared and compared with phosphatidylcholine vesicles for physicochemical parameters and accelerated stability. Diclofenac sodium was used as a model drug. Based on physicochemical parameter and in vitro release PCV-3 and CV-3 were selected for further studies in three different accelerated stability conditions. PCV-3 showed moderate changes at 4°C but was severely affected at 25°C and 40°C. CV-3 showed stable characteristics at 4°C and 25°C whereas at 40°C, CV-3 showed signs of slight modification owing to moisture absorption. Based on the study, CV-3 containing highest content of palmitic acid was found to be most stable.


Artificial Cells Nanomedicine and Biotechnology | 2014

Development of a new nanovesicle formulation as transdermal carrier: Formulation, physicochemical characterization, permeation studies and anti-inflammatory activity

Praveen Kumar Gaur; Shikha Mishra; Suresh Purohit; Yatendra Kumar; Anil Bhandari

Abstract Context: Ibuprofen is an important NSAID, however, it can cause GI disturbances when given orally, and employment of transdermal route will require permeation enhancer causing skin injury. Objective: Drug-loaded nanovesicles of ceramide-2, cholesterol, palmitic acid, and cholesteryl sulfate (ICVG) were formulated and analyzed for physicochemical and permeation properties. Materials and method: Vesicles were formulated using film hydration method and physicochemical parameters, in vitro drug release, and stability were assessed. Further, nanovesicle gels were evaluated against plain gel containing drug (CG) for ex vivo/in vivo drug permeation and anti-inflammatory activity. Results: The developed formulations showed optimal physicochemical profile and ICV-1 gave 97.24% drug release. Drug permeation was between 17.32 and 33.12 μg/cm2 for ICVG formulations and 0.27 μg/cm2 for CG. ICVG-1 and CG showed Cmax of 9.6 and 0.7 μg/ml at 8 and 4 h. ICVG-1 showed 19.9 times higher AUC than CG. Edema inhibition was 57.98% during initial hours by ICVG-1. Discussion: Ratio of ceramide 2 and palmitic acid plays a critical role in drug permeation through stratum corneum. The stability and protective effect of the formulations were due to ceramide content. Conclusion: The composition has an important role in physicochemical properties and drug permeation thereby generating an optimum formulation.


Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy | 2018

Revalidation of the neuroprotective effects of a United States patented polyherbal formulation on scopolamine induced learning and memory impairment in rats

Prabhat Upadhyay; Ananya Sadhu; Praveen Singh; Aruna Agrawal; K. Ilango; Suresh Purohit; Govind Prasad Dubey

OBJECTIVE Alzheimers disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia yet treatment options are extremely limited. The disease is associated with cognitive impairment as well as structural irregularities, accumulation of plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, diminished levels of acetylcholine, oxidative stress, and inflammation in the brain. We have previously reported on the positive effects of a united states patented (US 7,273,626 B2) poly herbal test formulation, consisting of Bacopa monnieri, Hippophae rhamnoides and Dioscorea bulbifera extracts, on cognitive deficits in AD patients. The present study was conducted to investigate the mechanism(s) of action of the formulation using scopolamine treated rats as an AD model. METHOD The formulation was administered daily along with scopolamine for a period of 14days following which the elevated plus maze, passive avoidance, and Morris water maze tests were performed to assess learning and memory. Rats treated with scopolamine or vehicle only were also included in the experiment. Acetylcholine levels and activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and anti-oxidant enzymes in the brain were also measured at the end of the treatment period. RESULTS The study demonstrate that scopolamine treatment resulted in learning and memory deficits which were partially and significantly ameliorated by the formulation. The formulation also counteracted scopolamine-induced decreases in acetylcholine levels, increases in AChE activity, and decreases in activities of the antioxidant enzymes. CONCLUSION The study demonstrates the ability of the test formulation to reverse scopolamine-induced learning and memory deficits in rats which may at least partially be explained by the reversal of scopolamine-induced reductions in brain acetylcholine levels and antioxidant activities by the test formulation.

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Hemant R. Jadhav

Birla Institute of Technology and Science

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Govind Prasad Dubey

Institute of Medical Sciences

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Prabhat Upadhyay

Institute of Medical Sciences

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Vipin Gupta

California State University

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Rakesh K. Patel

Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin

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Ananya Sadhu

Banaras Hindu University

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Aruna Agrawal

Institute of Medical Sciences

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B L Pandey

Institute of Medical Sciences

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