Surya Prakash

A critical analysis of supply chain risk management content: a structured literature review

Purpose - The research on supply chain risk management (SCRM) is visibly on the rise while its literature still lacks the state of the art which critically analyses its content. The SCRM literature seems to require studies which utilise risk typology, sources of risk, etc. for reviewing the field. This study bridges the gap by synthesizing information obtained from 343 articles across 85 journals. This study also presents the critical analysis of the content of SCRM in a structured manner to identify the directions for future research. Design/methodology/approach - A systematic literature review (SLR) method was devised and adopted, which involved the selection, classi?cation and evaluation of 343 research articles published over a period of eleven years (2004-2014). The content of extant SCRM literature was critically analyzed and synthesized from the perspective of risk management process (RMP). Findings - The analysis of extant literature shows that there is the marked rise of research in the supply chain risk management area, especially after the year 2005. It was observed that not only risk but also different forms of uncertainties make supply chain operations difficult to manage. The SCRM actions yielded most benefits when their implementation was at chain or network level and managed strategically. The analysis also reveals that manufacturing sector is most affected by risks and highly investigated by researchers. Practical implications - A complete process for SCRM based on risk stratification, objectives of risk management and RMP will be a guiding model of firms to manage risks. The research gaps identified and future directions provided here will encourage researchers and managers to devise new methods, tools and techniques to address the risks in modern supply chain. Originality/value - SLR and risk-based content classification of SCRM literature are performed. To identify, locate, select, and analyse the SCRM literature, a structured and systematic process is adopted with some very rarely used methods such as two levels of search keywords and string are formulated to locate the most relevant articles in major academic databases.

Risk analysis and mitigation for perishable food supply chain: a case of dairy industry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology to analyze the risks present in perishable food supply chain and to determine the most effective risk mitigation strategies. It is achieved by understanding the dynamics between various risks in perishable food supply chain and modeling them using interpretive structural modeling (ISM). Design/methodology/approach Four categories and 17 types of risk are established from literature and conducting brainstorming sessions with managers/engineers in Indian dairy firms. A methodology is proposed using ISM, risk priority number and risk mitigation number to prioritize risk mitigation strategy decisions for the dairy industry. Findings For a perishable food supply chain, risk positioned at lower levels (levels 1 or 2) in the hierarchy should be targeted first, while formulating mitigation strategies. To investigate further, risk- enabling factors which are identified for an Indian dairy firm for these levels 1 and 2 risks and mitigation strategy prioritization show that supplier side risks are more dominant followed by market risks and process risks. Research limitations/implications This proposed methodology has not been statistically validated or empirically tested, and factors taken are in the Indian context, but the authors believe that the study is highly relevant to other markets as well because the ISM-based analysis is for generic perishable food supply chain environment. Practical implications This study provides a useful approach to managers/decision makers to identify, analyze and prioritize risk in the supply chain. It also provides insights into the mutual relationships of supply chain risks which would help them to focus on the effective risk mitigation strategies formulation. The study provides the insights to benchmark and risk management in the dairy industry environment with priority considerations. Originality/value This paper provides an integrated approach to identifying, quantify, analyze, evaluate and mitigate the risks of perishable food (in the dairy environment) in the Indian context.

A grey based approach for assessment of risk associated with facility location in global supply chain

Purpose – Facility location decisions are critical and should be taken after strategic evaluations. Globalization and integration of economies make such decisions further complex and risk prone. The purpose of this paper is to identify and assess the risk factors to be considered while taking new facility location decision associated with global supply chain and device the methodology. A grey-based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach is used for this purpose, which also takes in to account the uncertainty in decision making. Such approach enables final decision to be more real and practical. The paper also highlighted and discussed the criteria on the basis of which the management can select the best suitable site. Design/methodology/approach – The risk factors related to facility location for a global firm are identified. To select the location of a global facility with least risk, grey-based MCDM approach is formulated. This grey-based MCDM is demonstrated using the hypothetical case of an industrial valve manufacturing global firm. The grey approach is used to analyse location alternatives based on various decision criteria for extracting comparative ranking. Findings – The paper presents a tool for strategic and planning level. It helps supply chain managers to identify the risks related to a candidate location. Then it guides the supply chain manager at strategic level to find the least risky location for a manufacturing facility. Practical implications – This paper demonstrates the grey-based MCDM approach for determining less risky location to locate a new manufacturing unit so that practitioners can use this approach for taking other strategic decisions. The supply chain configuration can be decided subsequently which will yield more practical results and the decision taken will be more fruitful for firm. Originality/value – The extensive literature review reveals that there are many models in the literature that addressed the issue of risk minimization in supply chain, but it was also noticed that there are limited number of models that minimize risk in locating a global facility considering the uncertainty of data in decision making. This is the first time that grey-based MCDM approach is formulated and used to find most suitable facility location under risk.

Review on Supply Chain Management Research—An Indian Perspective

In India, Supply Chain Management (SCM) has gained significant importance due to opening up of domestic economy as a result of globalization. However, a review of literature revealed that not many papers are available which attempt to document and understand the importance of SCM within the Indian business context. Hence, the purpose of this research is to fill in this research gap by analyzing the contributions of academicians and practitioners addressing various supply chain issues—specifically from an Indian perspective. Papers focusing on SCM scenario in India were collected from multiple sources by following the established methodologies available in the literature for carrying out such reviews. Furthermore, a new taxonomy was proposed on the basis of content and research methodology utilized. Based on this taxonomy, significant trends were observed and some unique inferences were drawn, apart from identifying the directions for future research. It is hoped that this work would add value by offering a unique contribution to the body of knowledge on SCM, as there is no article available in the literature, which has attempted to summarize the works from India related to SCM.

Multi-echelon closed-loop supply chain network design and configuration under supply risks and logistics risks

Present day supply chains are dynamically expanding with the increase in globalisation but susceptible towards a number of risks too. The risks cause disturbances in supply chain and hinder the movement of products across their stage which ultimately leads to overall increases in supply chain costs. In this paper, a multi-echelon closed-loop supply chain model is considered, where suppliers quality risks (production issues), logistics risks (transportation issues) are mathematically modelled using mixed integer linear programming (MILP) formulation. The paper highlights benefits of adopting the supply chain network design under risk. The comparison of risk and no risk situation is illustrated for a generic closed-loop supply chain network. The findings suggest that risk consideration in supply chain network design is very useful, and its cost is not much higher to the organisation too. The supply chain resilience can be achieved with a moderate risk premium. The firms which can pay 10-13% more will be able to sustain in risk events and their network configuration will be robust under supply and logistics risks happenings.

Information risks modeling in e-business supply chain using AHP

Supply chain risk management is establishing itself as an integral part of management practice. In risk management the information risks in supply chain are prominent for companies dealing with e-business. Seven key information technology (IT) related risks are identified as breakdown risk, IT risk due to assurance of a natural disasters, forecast risks, IT/IS outsourcing risks, intellectual property rights risks, information security risk, and information distortion risk. Through this study it is attempted to utilize AHP modeling to determine the state of information risks for e-business supply chain. A suitable case for three e-business firms have been analyzed and presented.

Embedding risk in closed-loop supply chain network design: Case of a hospital furniture manufacturer

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assist a manufacturing firm in designing the closed-loop supply chain network under risks that are affecting its supply quality and logistics operations. The modeling approach adopted aims at the embedding supply chain risks in a closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) network design process and suggests optimal supply chain configuration and risk mitigation strategies. Design/methodology/approach The method proposes a closed-loop supply chain network and identifies the network parameter and variables required for closing the loop. Mixed-integer-linear-programming-based mathematical modeling approach is used to formulate the research problem. The solutions and test results are obtained from CPLEX solver. Findings The outcomes of the proposed model were demonstrated through a case study conducted in an Indian hospital furniture manufacturing firm. The modern supply chain is mapped to make it closed loop, and potential risks in its supply chain are identified. The supply chain network of the firm is redesigned through embedding risk in the modeling process. It was found that companies can be in great profit if they follow closed-loop practices and simultaneously keep a check on risks as well. The cost of making the supply chain risk averse was found to be insignificant. Practical implications Although the study was conducted in a practical case situation, the obtained results are not indiscriminate to the other circumstances. However, the approach followed and proposed methodology can be applied to many industries once a firm decides to redesign its supply chain for closing its loop or model under risks. Originality/value By using the identified CLSC parameters and applying the proposed network design methodology, a firm can design/redesign their supply chain network to counter the risk and accordingly come up with planned mitigation strategies to achieve a certain degree of robustness.

Green supply chain management: review and framework development

The aim of this study is to explore published literature in green supply chain management (GSCM) domain for the purpose of updating the knowledge of the field and to carry out an analysis of the existing literature. The methodology employed for this research involved collection and classification of 261 research articles in the field of GSCM. A systematic classification followed by critical analysis leads to research gaps in the context of GSCM which paves direction for future research. A framework is developed which helps to understand the implementation of environmental conscious measures into supply chain management. Literature analysis shows that research in GSCM is evolving at a rapid pace. A couple of literature reviews already exist but this paper attempts to extend the review ambit. A conceptual framework is proposed for revamping a traditional supply chain in to an environmental conscious green supply chain. The barriers and enablers acting upon this transformation are also discussed.

Effect of local anesthetic instillation intraperitoneally on post-op pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Background: To determine the effect of local anesthetic intraperitonel instillation on post-op pain relief after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial 64 patients, diagnosed as having gall-stones, were divided into 2 groups for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In Group A Intraperitoneal irrigation of the diaphragmatic surface and gallbladder fossa was done with 0.5% bupivacaine, while in Group B no drug was used intraperitoneally. Results: Out of 32 patients enrolled as bupivacaine group, 27 were female and 5 were male patients with average age of 46.12 years, whereas in control group, there were 28 female and 04 male patients in a total of 32 patients, and the avrage age was 45.36 years. Mean VAS scores in bupivacaine group at 8, 16 and 24 hrs were 3.875, 2.5625 and 0.75 respectively, while they were 6.50, 3.25 and 0.875 in controls at 8, 16 and 24hrs respectively. VAS scores tended to be higher in females. Need for post-op analgesia in 1st 8hrs & 1 16hrs was more in the controls(87.50% & 56.25% respectively). The need for post-op analgesia at 24hrs after surgery was almost equal in both groups. Post-op pain relief in 1st 8hrs was better in the bupivacaine group i.e. 31.25% vs. 12.5%. Conclusion: The early post-op VAS scores and pain intensity after 8hrs & 16hrs is decreased with the use of intra-peritoneal instillation of injection Bupivacaine, but in long term it offers no added benefit to the post-operative pain relief and does not decrease the need for analgesia post-operatively.

An Agent-Based Simulation Modeling Approach for Dynamic Job-Shop Manufacturing System

Dynamic nature of global market requires a manufacturing system, which can quickly adapt and respond rapid changes. This type of manufacturing system needs to generate efficient production schedules to deal with quick changes. The efficient production schedules can be generated through real-time data sharing in the manufacturing system, which enables dynamic nature in the system. This paper has proposed an agent-based simulation modeling approach with particular focus on simulation mechanism that facilitates real-time production scheduling in dynamic job-shop manufacturing system (DJMS). This approach incorporates SimEvents-based discrete event simulation and Stateflow-based multi-agent modeling in MATLAB environment.