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Dive into the research topics where Susan E. Plunkett is active.

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Featured researches published by Susan E. Plunkett.


Journal of Environmental Monitoring | 2005

Near-real-time determination of hydrogen peroxide generated from cigarette smoke

Fei Yan; Serene Williams; Guy D. Griffin; Ramesh Jagannathan; Susan E. Plunkett; Kenneth H. Shafer; Tuan Vo-Dinh

The ability to monitor hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in aqueous smoke extracts will advance our understanding of the relationship between cigarette smoke-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and disease and help elucidate the pathways by which the various smoke constituents exert their pathogenic effects. We have demonstrated, for the first time, the measurement of H2O2 production from cigarette smoke without prior separation of the sample. Cigarettes were tested on a commercial smoking machine, such that the whole smoke or gas vapor phase was bubbled through phosphate buffered saline solution at pH 7.4. Aliquots of these solutions were analyzed using an Amplex Red/horseradish peroxidase fluorimetric assay that required only a 2 minute incubation time, facilitating the rapid, facile collection of data. Catalase was used to demonstrate the selectivity and specificity of the assay for H2O2 in the complex smoke matrix. We measured approximately 7-8 microM H2O2 from two reference cigarettes (i.e., 1R4F and 2R4F). We also observed 9x more H2O2 from whole smoke bubbled samples compared to the gas vapor phase, indicating that the major constituent(s) responsible for H2O2 formation reside in the particulate phase of cigarette smoke. Aqueous solutions of hydroquinone and catechol, both of which are particulate phase constituents of cigarette smoke, generated no H2O2 even though they are free radical precursors involved in the production of reactive oxygen species in the smoke matrix.


Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy | 2002

Hydrazine detection limits in the cigarette smoke matrix using infrared tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy.

Susan E. Plunkett; Milton E. Parrish; Kenneth H. Shafer; Joanne H. Shorter; David D. Nelson; Mark S. Zahniser

Infrared absorption lines of hydrazine are broad and typically not baseline resolved, with line strengths approximately 100 times weaker than the more widely studied compound ammonia. Hardware and software improvements have been made to a two-color infrared tunable diode laser (IR-TDL) spectrometer in order to improve the limit of detection (LOD) of hydrazine (N2H4) in the cigarette smoke matrix. The detection limit in the smoke matrix was improved from 25 parts-per-million-by-volume (ppmv) to 4.2 ppmv using a 100 m pathlength cell with acquisition of background spectra immediately prior to each sample and 100 ms temporal resolution. This study did not detect hydrazine in cigarette smoke in the 964.4-964.9 cm(-1) spectral region, after mathematically subtracting the spectral contributions of ethylene, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methanol, acrolein, and acetaldehyde. These compounds are found in cigarette smoke and absorb in this spectral region. The LOD is limited by remaining spectral structure from unidentified smoke species. The pseudo random noise (root mean square) in the improved instrument was 2 x 10(-4) absorbance units (base e) which is equivalent to a 0.09 ppmv hydrazine gas sample in the multipass cell. This would correspond to a detection limit of 0.44 ppmv of hydrazine, given the dilution of the smoke by a factor of 5 by the sampling system. This is a factor of 10 less than the 4.2 ppmv detection limit for hydrazine in the smoke matrix, and indicates that the detection limit is primarily a result of the complexity of the matrix rather than the random noise of the TDL instrument.


Contributions to Tobacco Research | 2014

Laboratory Evaluation of the CReSSmicro™ Portable Topography Device: Implications for Clinical Research

Michael J. Oldham; Susan E. Plunkett; Michael T. Fisher; Kenneth H. Shafer; Michael J. Morton

SUMMARY Performance of the CReSSmicro™ v.2.0.0 portable smoking topography device was evaluated in a controlled laboratory environment using a calibrated smoking machine to generate known, reproducible smoking topographies. Device performance was evaluated using unlit and lit cigarettes over a range of puff volumes (25 to 100 mL) at 2 s puff duration using a sine wave profile. The device missed 93% and 100% of the 25 mL/2 s puffs for unlit and lit cigarettes, respectively. The device underreported puff durations for the entire volume range, i.e., from 40 mL (0.9 ± 0.17 s) to 100 mL (1.6 ± 0.11 s) for both unlit and lit cigarettes. Puff volumes were under reported for lower volumes from 40 mL (25.6 ± 5.5 mL) to 70 mL (68.8 ± 3.7 mL) for both unlit and lit cigarettes and slightly over reported for higher volumes from 85 mL (89.4 ± 7.6 mL) to 100 mL (103.4 ± 9.8 mL) for lit cigarettes. Experimental results indicated that a 12.5-20mL/s (750-1,200 mL/min) flow threshold for puff recognition was responsible for the observed results. This study reinforces the importance of fully understanding device performance prior to performing clinical studies of human smoking topography. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2014) 19-25] ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die Leistungsfähigkeit des mobilen Rauchtopographiegerätes CReSSmicro™ v.2.0.0 wurde in einer kontrollierten Laborumgebung untersucht. Dabei wurde eine kalibrierte Abrauchmaschine eingesetzt, um bekannte, reproduzierbare Rauchtopographien zu erzeugen. Die Maschinenleistung wurde mit Hilfe von angezündeten und nicht angezündeten Zigaretten mit unterschiedlichen Zugvolumina (25 bis 100 mL) mit einer Zugdauer von 2 s und einem Sinusprofil untersucht. Bei den nicht angezündeten bzw. angezündeten Zigaretten wurden jeweils 93 % bzw. 100 % der 25 mL/2 s- Züge vom Gerät nicht gezählt. Das Gerät wies in allen gewählten Volumina, d.h. von 40 mL (0,9 ± 0,17 s) bis 100 mL (1,6 ± 0,11 s), für sowohl nicht angezündete als auch angezündete Zigaretten eine zu geringe Zugdauer aus. Die Zugvolumina wurden bei den niedrigeren Volumina von 40 mL (25,6 ± 5,5 mL) bis 70 mL (68,8 ± 3,7 mL) für sowohl nicht angezündete als auch angezündete Zigaretten geringer als tatsächlich angegeben und bei den höheren Volumina von 85 mL (89,4 ± 7,6 mL) bis 100 mL (103,4 ± 9,8 mL) für angezündete Zigaretten etwas zu hoch angegeben. Die Versuchsergebnisse zeigten, dass ein Durchflussschwellenwert von 12,5-20 mL/s (750-1.200 mL/min) bei der Bestimmung der Züge für die beobachteten Ergebnisse verantwortlich war. Diese Studie unterstreicht, wie wichtig es ist, die Leistungsfähigkeit der Maschinen genau zu kennen, bevor klinische Studien zur Rauchtopographie beim Menschen durchgeführt werden können. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2014) 19-25] RESUME La performance de l’appareil portable de topographie du fumage CReSSmicro™ v.2.0.0 a été évaluée en milieu contrôlé dans un laboratoire, en utilisant une machine à fumer étalonnée pour générer des topographies du fumage reproductibles connues. La performance de l’appareil a été évaluée au moyen de cigarettes non-allumées et allumées dans une plage de volumes de bouffées (de 25 à 100 mL) pour une durée de bouffée de 2 s en utilisant un profil d’onde sinusoïdale. L’appareil s’est trompé pour 93% et 100% des bouffées de 25 mL/2 s avec les cigarettes nonallumées et allumées respectivement. L’appareil a sousestimé les durées de bouffées sur toute la plage de volumes, c’est-à-dire de 40 mL (0,9 ± 0,17 s) à 100 mL (1,6 ± 0,11 s), tant pour les cigarettes non-allumées que pour les cigarettes allumées. Les volumes de bouffées ont été sousestimés pour les volumes inférieurs de 40 mL (25,6 ± 5,5 mL) à 70 mL (68,8 ± 3,7 mL), à la fois pour les cigarettes non-allumées et allumées et ils ont été légèrement surestimés pour des volumes plus élevés de 85 mL (89,4 ± 7,6 mL) à 100 mL (103,4 ± 9,8 mL) pour les cigarettes allumées. Les résultats expérimentaux ont indiqué qu’un seuil de flux de 12,5-20 mL/s (750-1200 mL/min) pour la reconnaissance des bouffées était responsable des résultats observés. Cette étude confirme l’importance de parfaitement bien comprendre la performance de l’appareil avant d’effectuer des essais cliniques de topographie du fumage humain. [Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 26 (2014) 19-25]


Archive | 2003

Cigarette with smoke constituent attenuator

Kenneth H. Shafer; San Li; Milton E. Parrish; Susan E. Plunkett


Inhalation Toxicology | 2007

A New Method for Estimating the Retention of Selected Smoke Constituents in the Respiratory Tract of Smokers During Cigarette Smoking

Shixia Feng; Susan E. Plunkett; Kai Lam; Sunil Kapur; Raheema Muhammad; Yan Jin; Michael Zimmermann; Paul Mendes; Robin D. Kinser; Hans J. Roethig


Archive | 2011

Thermally insulative smoking article filter components

Piers Newbery; Antonis Tsakotellis; Susan E. Plunkett; Kenneth H. Shafer


Vibrational Spectroscopy | 2001

Time-resolved analysis of cigarette combustion gases using a dual infrared tunable diode laser system

Susan E. Plunkett; Milton E. Parrish; Kenneth H. Shafer; David R. Nelson; Joanne H. Shorter; Mark S. Zahniser


Application of Tunable Diode and Other Infrared Sources for Atmospheric Studies and Industrial Processing Monitoring II | 1999

Multiple Component Analysis of Cigarette Combustion Gases on a Puff-by- Puff Basis Using a Dual Infrared Tunable Diode Laser System

Susan E. Plunkett; Milton E. Parrish; Kenneth E. Shafer; David D. Nelson; J. Barry McManus; Jose L. Jimenez; Mark S. Zahniser


Archive | 2005

Smoking articles and filters with carbon fiber composite molecular sieve sorbent

Susan E. Plunkett; Kenneth H. Shafer


Analytical Chemistry | 2002

Evaluation of hydrazine reduction by cellulose acetate filters using infrared tunable diode laser spectroscopy.

Charles N. Harward; Milton E. Parrish; Susan E. Plunkett; Joseph L. Banyasz; Kenneth H. Shafer

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Mark S. Zahniser

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

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David D. Nelson

National Institute of Standards and Technology

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Joanne H. Shorter

National Institute of Standards and Technology

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Guy D. Griffin

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

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