Susana Nelly Diéguez

Fosfomycin concentrations in epithelial lining fluid in weaning piglets

Fil: Soraci, Alejandro Luis. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Departamento de Fisiopatologia; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas; Argentina

Multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli carrying integrons isolated from a pig farm with moderate antibiotic use

Fil: de la Torre, Eulalia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas. Centro Cientifico Tecnologico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernacion. Comision de Investigaciones Cientificas. Centro de Investigacion Veterinaria de Tandil; Argentina

Natural Contamination with Mycotoxins Produced by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium poae in Malting Barley in Argentina

Two of the most common species of toxin-producing Fusarium contaminating small cereal grains are Fusarium graminearum and F. poae; with both elaborating diverse toxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), respectively. The objective of our work during the 2012–2014 growing seasons was to screen crops for the most commonly isolated Fusarium species and to quantify DON and NIV toxins in natural malting-barley samples from different producing areas of Argentina. We identified 1180 Fusarium isolates in the 119 samples analyzed, with 51.2% being F. graminearum, 26.2% F. poae and 22.6% other species. We found high concentrations of mycotoxins, at maximum values of 12 μg/g of DON and 7.71 μg/g of NIV. Of the samples, 23% exhibited DON at an average of 2.36 μg/g, with 44% exceeding the maximum limits (average of 5.24 μg/g); 29% contained NIV at an average of 2.36 μg/g; 7% contained both DON and NIV; and 55% were without DON or NIV. Finally, we report the mycotoxin contamination of the grain samples produced by F. graminearum and F. poae, those being the most frequent Fusarium species present. We identified the main Fusarium species affecting natural malting-barley grains in Argentina and documented the presence of many samples with elevated concentrations of DON and NIV. To our knowledge, the investigation reported here was the first to quantify the contamination by Fusarium and its toxins in natural samples of malting barley in Argentina.

Effect of fosfomycin, Cynara scolymus extract, deoxynivalenol and their combinations on intestinal health of weaned piglets

Intestinal health of weaning piglets was studied after oral treatments with fosfomycin (FOS), Cynara scolymus extract (CSE), deoxynivalenol (DON) and their combinations. Piglets were divided in groups and received different treatments during 15 days, namely DON (1mg/kg of feed), FOS administered into the drinking water (30 mg/kg b.w.), CSE (300 g/ton of feed) and all possible combinations including a control group that received clean balanced diet. At day 15, three piglets from each group were euthanized and gastrointestinal tract samples were immediately taken to evaluate pH, bacteriology (enterobacteria and lactic acid bacteria), volatile fatty acids concentration (VFAs), disaccharidases activity (lactase, sucrase and maltase), histology (intestinal absorptive area [IAA] and goblet cells count) and adherence of bacteria to intestinal mucus. Animals receiving FOS and CSE treatments exhibited evident beneficial intestinal effects compared to animals receiving diets free from these compounds. This was revealed by a lower enterobacteria population together with a lower E/L, an enhanced production of butyric acid, an increased enzymatic activity (particularly maltase), and a greater IAA and goblet cells count along with an increase in pathogenic bacteria adherence to intestinal mucus. Interactions between both treatments resulted in similar beneficial effects as their individual administration. On the contrary, DON produced detrimental effects on intestinal health as a decrease was observed on volatile fatty acids production, enzymatic activity and goblet cells count in animals receiving diets containing sub- toxic concentrations of this mycotoxin. The knowledge of the intestinal effects of these compounds contributes to understand the physiological and pathological gut changes and their potential productive consequences.

Effect of Cynara scolymus and Silybum marianum extracts on bile production in pigs

ABSTRACT Many of the beneficial effects on productive performance observed when vegetable extracts are incorporated as feed additives in intensive farming can be explained by an increase in bile production. An experiment was conducted to study choleretic and cholagogue effect of a Cynara scolymus extract formulation and of silymarin in pigs. Pigs were cannulated with a T-tube catheter in the bile duct. Bile production was continuously measured and re-infused to the duodenum through Oddi’s sphincter at the same production rate. Treatments: Group A (n = 6), commercial feed; Group B (n = 6), C. scolymus extract (300 g/tonne) and Group C (n = 6), silymarin (300 g/tonne). Bile production was recorded hourly for each animal during 24 h. Total bile acids’ concentrations in bile, just before and one hour after meals were evaluated. Average daily bile production for pigs in group B was 66% higher than for pigs in groups A or C (P < .05). When bile acids’ concentrations before and after meals were compared, only pigs from group B exhibited an increase (P = .0023). From this study, it was concluded that neither choleretic nor cholagogue effects are attained with silymarin supplementation. On the contrary, C. scolymus extract increases bile production and secretion in pigs.