Susana Robles Montijo

Instrumento para la evaluación de variables psicológicas y comportamientos sexuales de riesgo en jóvenes de dos centros universitarios de México

OBJETIVO: Probar las propiedades psicometricas de un instrumento de encuesta destinado a evaluar algunas variables historicas y de contexto que facilitan el comportamiento sexual de riesgo en una muestra de estudiantes de dos centros universitarios de Mexico. METODOS: Estudio transversal con una muestra compuesta por 1 346 estudiantes universitarios de Mexico: 784 del Centro de Estudios Superiores del Estado de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, (33,2% del total de la matricula de ese centro) y 562 de la Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, campus Tlalnepantla, Estado de Mexico (23,5% del total de estudiantes de ese centro). El trabajo se realizo en octubre de 2006 en Hermosillo y entre los meses de enero y marzo de 2006 en Tlalnepantla. La encuesta contenia 11 preguntas sobre datos sociodemograficos, 7 sobre comportamientos sexuales de riesgo, 22 sobre motivos subyacentes, 8 sobre las situaciones sociales y 6 sobre el estado biologico previo a la relacion. Se evaluo la capacidad de comprension de las preguntas, la validez conceptual y la confiabilidad del instrumento. RESULTADOS: La version definitiva del instrumento quedo constituida por 44 preguntas. En el analisis de confiabilidad se obtuvo un valor a de Cronbach global de 0,821, considerando todas las variables en su conjunto y agrupadas por factores. Se encontraron tres factores (motivos para no usar preservativos en la primera relacion sexual y a lo largo de la vida, motivos del uso inconsistente de preservativos con parejas ocasionales y disposicion hacia la primera relacion sexual y hacia la relacion con parejas ocasionales) que en su conjunto explicaron 38,36% de la varianza total. CONCLUSION: Las propiedades psicometricas del instrumento de encuesta evaluado fueron satisfactorias. Los interesados en aplicar este instrumento deben familiarizarse con el modelo teorico que lo sustenta, ya que la interpretacion de los resultados se basa en las definiciones de las diferentes variables historicas y de contexto contempladas y en su interaccion.

El Papel de los Padres en la Salud Sexual de sus Hijos

The purposes of this study were to identify the predictors of intention to use condoms in sexually inexperienced adolescents, and to know the role of parents in these variables. Information was obtained from 290 students and their parents (n = 290) using a self-report instrument. The results showed that young people have greater intention to use condoms when they perceive able to use it (self-efficacy). The parents had an influence on mediating variables of self-efficacy through their knowledge of condom use, stereotypes to the sexual health care, positive expectations of communication and through communication they have with their children about sex. The results of this research are discussed considering the importance of self-report measures of both parents and their children and their impact on the development of their relationship. The authors emphasize the role of parents in precursor variables protected sexual behavior of their children and discusses the implications of this study in intervention programs aimed at preventing sexual health problems in young sexually inexperienced.

Apoyo, supervisión y comunicación con padres y su relación con el comportamiento sexual de jóvenes en conflicto con la ley

The present study was aimed to determine the profile of sexual risk behavior of adolescents in conflict with the law, and analyze the influence of parents on such behavior, considering the level of support and supervision of their children perceive them and the frequency with which they communicate on issues related to sexual health care. 320 men (M= 16.33 years) belonging to a Community Diagnostic of Mexico. The results showed that adolescents have sexual risk profile, they have started their sexual debut from the thirteen years they have multiple sexual partners were evaluated, and they report different sexual practices, a high percentage of teenagers reported having had sex under the influence of alcohol and drugs. Over 20% reported some sexual health problem. Regarding the role of the parents was found to promote different preventive behaviors, depending on whether the father or mother, for example, they delay their sexual debut, greater frequency of condom use, is less frequent sex under the effects of alcohol and drugs. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of involving parents in the assessment of sexual behavior and sexual health programs generate in this population.

El papel de la cercanía entre hermanos sobre la conducta sexual protegida

The purpose of the study was to investigate whether dyadic configuration fraternal closeness by gender and role (brother/sister older/younger) predicts condom use or if its a mediating role in parental variables associated with frequency of condom use. 592 university students participated elected a non-probability sampling (43.8% men and 56.3% women). Assessed sexual communication with parents, parenting styles, fraternal closeness and frequency of condom use in the last six months. Women with an older sister frequently used condoms unlike men. The fraternal closeness with younger brother in women (β-) and closeness to the younger sister in males are predictors of condom use. Parental variables were set as predictors of fraternal closeness but not condom use. Discuss the importance of including in the analysis of sexual behavior protected fraternal group in relation to parental variables in order to have a different interpretation on how the family (parents-siblings) influences sexual behavior.