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Featured researches published by Susumu Kurinobu.


Journal of Forest Research | 2008

Realized genetic gains observed in second generation seedling seed orchards of Eucalyptus pellita in Indonesia

Budi Leksono; Susumu Kurinobu; Yuji Ide

The first generation genetic gains in four second-generation seedling seed orchards of Eucalyptus pellita established at two locations in Indonesia (Kalimantan and Sumatra) were examined by analyzing data on the height, diameter and stem form of the trees during years 1 to 3. The seed orchards each consisted of 60 open-pollinated families: 48–49 families from first-generation plus trees (improved population) and 11–12 families from natural forest (unimproved population). The realized gains for height and diameter were ca. 16 and 19%, respectively. These gains were highly significant and consistent, irrespective of age and location. However, the gains in stem form were much lower (4%) in Kalimantan than in Sumatra (21%) and only significant in the latter, possibly because of the more intensive silvicultural management regimes at the Sumatran sites. The results confirmed that the first-generation tree improvement program for E. pellita has been effective in Indonesia, and that it should provide improved seeds for operational plantation, thus raising their productivity.


Journal of Forest Research | 2006

Optimum age for selection based on a time trend of genetic parameters related to diameter growth in seedling seed orchards of Eucalyptus pellita in Indonesia

Budi Leksono; Susumu Kurinobu; Yuji Ide

The time trend of genetic parameters related to diameter growth was investigated using data at ages from 1 to 6 years to determine the optimum age for selection in four seedling seed orchards of Eucalyptus pellita in South Kalimantan and Riau (Sumatra), Indonesia. The seed orchards at each location were from three geographically distinct provenances from Papua New Guinea. The pooled sum of squares and sum of cross products derived from an analysis of variance of growth of the three provenance populations were used to estimate genetic parameters at each location. Because the genetic parameters at rotation age, 8 years in this study, were not available, they were estimated using functions derived from their time trends. Phenotypic variances and genetic variances calculated at each age were converted to the corresponding square roots, and then analyzed by the linear regression using means as independent variables. The trend of juvenile–mature correlation was fitted by a modified Richards function with the ratio of the older diameter mean to the juvenile diameter as an independent variable. Early selection always resulted in more genetic gain per year than selection at rotation age, and the optimum age for selection, where genetic gain per year was maximized, was found to be 4 and 5 years in the two locations.


Journal of Forest Research | 2004

Realized genetic gain observed in second-generation seedling seed orchards of Acacia mangium in South Kalimantan, Indonesia

Arif Nirsatmanto; Budi Leksono; Susumu Kurinobu; Susumu Shiraishi

Realized genetic gains brought by the first-generation tree improvement of Acacia mangium were evaluated by analyzing the 1-year growth performance of growth (height, dbh) and form (stem straightness, multi-stem) traits using data collected from three second-generation orchards: groups B, C, and D. Each orchard was composed of improved families derived from open-pollinated seed of plus trees selected from the first-generation seed orchards and newly added unimproved families collected from the same geographic region. The number of improved families and that of the unimproved in each orchard were 31 and 23 for group B, 28 and 39 for group C, and 24 and 30 for group D. Gains were calculated as percentage increase of improved families over unimproved ones. Improved families performed better than unimproved ones in 11 out of 12 comparison cases: four traits each in the three orchards. Averages of the realized genetic gain across the three seedling seed orchards were 3.1%, 5.2%, 4.3%, and 0.5% for height, dbh, stem straightness, and multi-stem, respectively. Except for multi-stem, the performances of improved families were significantly better than those of unimproved families in all the three orchards for dbh and in two out of three orchards for height and stem straightness.


Journal of Forest Research | 2001

Genetic Improvement in Pine Wilt Disease Resistance in Pinus thunbergii: The Effectiveness of Pre-screening with an Artificial Inoculation at the Nursery

Tadao Toda; Susumu Kurinobu

Open pollinated progenies from 15 clones of Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii), that had been selected for their tolerance to pine wilt disease, were tested by artificial inoculation with pine wood nematode for six years at a nursery of Kyushu Regional Breeding Office. Family variations in the respective year were all significant. An analysis of variance across the six years’ tests confirmed highly significant effect of year and of families; however, the year by family interaction was significant also. Phenotypic and genetic variances estimated from each year’s result were fitted to a quadratic regression using their mean survival ratio as an independent variable. The variances were greatest at around 0.5 of the mean survival ratio. Estimated heritability showed a similar trend of change, whereas the peak of the expected amount of improvement shifted toward the lower survival range: around 0.4, where a greater selection differential was anticipated. It was concluded that a useful amount of genetic improvement that may be reduced by 30% due to the interaction, would be expected by prescreening seedlings where the mean survival ratio after inoculation was around 0.25 to 0.6.


Journal of Forest Research | 2003

A projected increase in stand volume of introduced provenances of Acacia mangium in seedling seed orchards in South Sumatra, Indonesia

Arif Nirsatmanto; Susumu Kurinobu; Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto

Abstract Increases in stand volume with some currently introduced provenances of Acacia mangium: Papua New Guinea (PNG) and Far North Queensland (FNQ), were projected based on their superiorities in 3-year height growth in seedling seed orchards using the growth model developed for unthinned plantation for pulp and paper production in South Sumatra, Indonesia. The height growth of these provenances was better than that of the local selections from Subanjeriji by 10%–15% at 3 years old and these percentage superiorities would be expected to remain at around 9%–14% until the 8-year rotation. This amount of increase would result in a 7%–10% increase in basal area and hence it would produce a 17%–26% increase in stand volume at rotation age when compared with the Subanjeriji seed source that was being widely used for the plantation establishment of A. mangium in Indonesia.


Forest Science and Technology | 2008

Current status of resistance breeding of Japanese pine species to pine wilt disease

Susumu Kurinobu

The past 30 years’ resistance breeding work for Japanese pine to pine wilt disease was reviewed from the operational aspects. The resistance breeding program initiated in 1978 in southeastern region identified 16 clones of black pines and 98 clones of red pines as tolerant as loblolly pine. A similar grogram was also started in northeastern region since 1992. More than 10 ha of seed orchards were established for both species with the selected pines and they are now in operational seed production. The progeny showed much higher in survival as compared to the unselected ones at the nursery inoculation tests; 35% higher for black pine and 18% for red pine. These progeny are further screened by the inoculation before out‐planting and it will bring about additional 20% increase in survival for black pine within the range 25 to 60% of average survival rate. A mass production system for rooted cutting from pre‐screened seedling was developed and it is expected to reduce the production cost by 40%. The progeny of the selected pines showed better in tolerance to the natural infection unless they were exposed to the excessive environmental stress without any other protection measures. Seed orchard improvement based on progeny tolerance has become a realistic option for red pine and it will bring about additional 10% increase in nursery survival. Since the results of inoculation tests with control pollinated progeny indicated that the tolerance was inherited additively, large scale control pollination and simple mass selection using open pollinated progeny are conducted concomitantly to obtain more tolerant pines together with a research to develop MAS.


Journal of Forest Research | 2002

Trend of Within-Plot Selection Practiced in Two Seedling Seed Orchards of Acacia mangium in Indonesia

Arif Nirsatmanto; Susumu Kurinobu

A trend of within-plot selection was examined by applying a retrospective selection index to the results of the selection in two seedling seed orchards ofA. mangium at South Kalimantan in Indonesia. The orchards were established in randomized complete block design with ten replications of four tree row plots. Within-plot selections were conducted twice with around 50% of selection intensity in those orchards: at 22 months and at 51 months after planting, then the results were analyzed with the data on volume, stem form and bole length measured before each selection. Bole length was found to be the highest priority trait throughout the two stages of selection in both orchards. Growth expressed by volume was also an important criterion at the first within-plot selection, while the priority was not obvious at the second selection. Expected gains by within-plot selection were generally small, although predicted gains were positive on all of the three traits at each stage of selection.


Journal of Forest Research | 2004

Minimum distance boundary method: maximum size-density lines for unthinned Acacia mangium plantations in South Sumatra, Indonesia

Hardjono Arisman; Susumu Kurinobu; Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto

A minimum-distance boundary method that will minimize the sum of distances between measured points and a fitted self-thinning lines on log-log coordinates of stand density and quadratic mean diameter was proposed in order to estimate the maximum size density line: an upper boundary of self-thinning line. The lines for A. mangium were inferred with this method using data in two areas of unthinned plantations in South Sumatra, Indonesia. Slopes of the lines were deduced as −1.63 and −1.67 within the range of 10–21 cm of quadratic mean dbh. The intensity of self-thinning was examined as a rate of reduction of density in relation to dbh increment. The rates were found to be higher than the slopes in the range close to the maximum line; hence the lines inferred in this study were likely existent. Maximum basal area deduced from the size-density line was 28–30 m2/ha at 12cm of dbh and then it increased up to 34–37 m2/ha at 20 cm of dbh.


Journal of Forest Research | 2005

A simple step-wise procedure for predicting stand development of Acacia mangium plantations based on the maximum size—density line in South Sumatra, Indonesia

Hardjono Arisman; Susumu Kurinobu; Eko Bhakti Hardiyanto

A simple step-wise procedure for predicting the course of stand development on log–log coordinates of stand density and quadratic mean diameter was presented based on a distance of measurement from the maximum size–density line of Acacia mangium. This procedure first predicts annual increment of diameter with a multiple linear regression having the distance, site index, and current diameter as independent variables, and then the associated mortality is calculated with the rate of reduction in stand density to the diameter growth derived from a fitted trend with the distance. The cumulative predictions, starting at 3 years after planting until 9 years of age, agreed well with the observations of group-age means of measurements calculated for the three levels of initial density. Contrasting trend of basal area growth between the three levels of initial density and those for their site index: the differences were decreasing in the former while they remained constant in the latter, was clearly illustrated with the procedure indicating a good potential for use in yield prediction. The simulations for stand growth under different spacing and thinning options were demonstrated in a stand density control diagram suggesting reasonable flexibility for practical application.


Journal of Forest Research | 2000

Genetic variation in height growth curves observed in three clonal tests of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) in Kyushu

Susumu Kurinobu; Tadao Toda

Genetic variation in the height growth curves was investigated by analyzing data from three clonal trials of sugi (Crytomeria japonica D. Don) in Kyushu. Average height of twelve clones measured at each of five years until 30 years of age were fitted to the Chapman-Richards function with two parameters model. Clonal variation in the two parameters (an upper asymptote and a rate of growth parameter) was statistically significant across the tests, indicating that height growth pattern is under genetic control. The type of growth curve was clearly classified with the two parameters and agreed with the empirical classifications of the growth habit of local varieties. The rate of growth parameter was correlated with total height up to 20 years of age, while the upper asymptote was correlated only with the last ten years’ increment from 21 to 30 years where the clonal repeatability was decreasing. This indicates that a clonal selection for long rotation management system would not be reliable unless the height is measured accurately with more advanced devices or it is adjusted by the current increment of diameter.

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