Suwon Seo

An economic evaluation of operating expenditures for LNG fuel gas supply systems onboard ocean-going ships considering availability

This paper proposes a methodology for economic evaluations of liquefied natural gas fuel gas supply (LNG–FGS) systems. To evaluate the economics of various LNG–FGS systems, expected operating expenditures during long-term voyages were compared, including the loss from venting boil-off gas (BOG) to prevent overpressurisation of the fuel tank, penalties for venting BOG, expenses for consuming marine diesel oil when LNG–FGS systems are unavailable, and expenses for electricity consumption. A secondary objective was to compare the economics of various LNG–FGS systems for large-sized ships. An analysis demonstrated that the comparative operational expenditures vary considerably within various design options. Three LNG–FGS systems were compared. As a case study, an Aframax tanker (a highly popular crude carrier) was chosen, and the actual voyage scenario between Ulsan and Antwerp was used for calculating expenses. The results indicated that group FP-P (fully pressurised-type storage tank with cryogenic pump) provides a profit of approximately 7 MUS

Effect of Fibrin/Collagen Matrix on Osteogenic Differentiation of Bone Marrow Stromal Cells

per 25 yrs compared to group UP-P (unpressurised-type storage tank with cryogenic pump); conversely, group FP-P incurs a loss of approximately 5.4 MUS

Fire risk comparison of fuel gas supply systems for LNG fuelled ships

per 25 yrs compared to group FP-N (fully pressurised-type storage tank with vapour-generating unit). Nevertheless, group FP-N is valuable for small-sized tanks because the vapour-generating unit requires high energy consumption during an extended initial time to raise pressure. In conclusion, group FP-P is the most economical system if it can compensate for approximately 5.4 MUS

Conceptual design of an offshore LNG bunkering terminal: a case study of Busan Port

in capital expenditure and maintenance costs. The proposed methodology reflects the availability of necessary equipment and the results of process dynamic simulation in an actual voyage scenario.

A pump-free boosting system and its application to liquefied natural gas supply for large ships

Fibrin is a natural polymer with excellent biocompatibility and widely used as a cell delivery vehicle in tissue engineering. However, fibrin of low concentration is not able to promote cell growth and differentiation within a desired time because of contraction and biodegradation of cell-seeded matrices. In this study we investigated effects of combining fibrin with collagen on growth and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Rabbit BMSCs-populated fibrin hydrogels with or without collagen were fabricated and cultured by the free floating method for 4 weeks. The DNA content of fibrin/collagen matrix significantly increased the growth of BMSCs compared to the fibrin-only matrix at 2week. Alkaline phosphatase activity was significantly higher in the fibrin/collagen matrix (71.0 nmol of p-nitrophenol /min/disc) than the fibrin-only matrix (45.1 nmol of p-nitrophenol /min/disc). Deposition of calcium was not significantly different between two groups. Histological examination also revealed more matured organization and deposition of collagen fibers and more concentric calcium deposition in the fibrin/collagen matrix compared to the fibrin-only matrix. These results indicated that fibrin/collagen matrix could be more effective than fibrin alone in supporting growth and osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.