Suzanne M. Dolwick Grieb

Housing stability, residential transience, and HIV testing among low-income urban African Americans.

The association between housing and HIV has been widely demonstrated, although inquiry into HIV testing has been largely limited to the homeless. This study examines correlates of HIV testing within the past 6 months with housing stability and residential transience (moving two or more times in the past 6 months) among 620 low-income urban African Americans. Unstably housed and transient participants were more likely to participate in high-risk sex behaviors than stably housed participants and non-transient participants, respectively. In multivariate analyses, residential transience was positively associated with recent HIV testing; however, persons unstably housed were not more likely to have recently been tested for HIV despite their increased vulnerability and risk. While structural interventions are necessary to address the HIV disparities related to housing, increased community-based and mobile testing centers may be able to improve access to HIV testing among unstably housed.

Qualitative Research and Community-Based Participatory Research: Considerations for Effective Dissemination in the Peer-Reviewed Literature

Background: Qualitative research is appearing with increasing frequency in the public health and medical literature. Qualitative research in combination with a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach can be powerful. However little guidance is available on how to present qualitative research within a CBPR framework for peer-review publications.Objectives: This article provides a brief overview of how qualitative research can advance CBPR partnerships and outlines practical guidelines for writing for publication about qualitative research within a CBPR framework to (1) guide partners with little experience publishing in peer-reviewed journals and/or (2) facilitate effective preparation of manuscripts grounded in qualitative research for peer-reviewed journals. We provide information regarding the specific benefits of qualitative inquiry in CBPR, tips for organizing the manuscript, questions to consider in preparing the manuscript, common mistakes in the presentation of qualitative research, and examples of peer-reviewed manuscripts presenting qualitative research conducted within a CBPR framework.Conclusions: Qualitative research approaches have tremendous potential to integrate community and researcher perspectives to inform community health research findings. Effective dissemination of CBPR informed qualitative research findings is crucial to advancing health disparities research.

Preventing HIV through social inclusion using community-based participatory research

Part 1: Introduction 1. Scoping Social Inclusion Practice Ann Taket, Beth R. Crisp, Melissa Graham, Lisa Hanna and Sophie Goldingay Part 2: Practising Inclusion in Policy 2. Conscience Clauses: Your Right to a Conscience Ends at my Right to Safe, Legal and Effective Health Care Sarah Barter-Godfrey and Julia Shelley 3. Practising Inclusion in Policy Design for People with Disabilities Natasha Layton and Erin Wilson 4. Practising Social Inclusion Through Regulation: Occupational Health and Safety for Commercial Sex Workers Beth R. Crisp and Michael W. Ross Part 3: Practising Inclusion in Service Design 5. Inclusive Service Development: Exploring a Whole of Organisation Approach in the Community Service Sector Sarah Pollock and Ann Taket 6. Increasing Social Cohesiveness in a School Environment Karen Stagnitti, Mary Frawley, Brian Lynch and Peter Fahey 7. Inclusive Service Design for Young People with Learning Disabilities Who Exhibit Behaviours of Concern Sophie Goldingay and Karen Stagnitti Part 4: Practising Inclusion in Service Delivery 8. Working for Connection and Inclusion: The Role of Front Line Practitioners in Strengthening the Relational Base of Marginalized Clients Mark Furlong 9. Experiments in Social Inclusion and Connection: Cases From Lebanon Jihad Makhoul, Tamar Kabakian-Khasholian, Michael El-Khoury and Faysal El-Kak 10. Practising Social Inclusion: The Case of Street-Based Sex Workers and the St. Kilda Gatehouse in Melbourne Rachel Lennon, Pranee Liamputtong and Elizabeth Hoban Part 5: Practising Inclusion in Community Life 11. Promoting Social Inclusion of Frail Older People Living in the Community Ann Taket, Sarah Pollock, Lisa Hanna, Emily Learmonth and Peta Farquhar 12. Enabling New Students to Feel That They Matter: Promoting Social Inclusion Within the University Community Beth R. Crisp and John Fox 13. Community-Driven Social Inclusion Practice: A Case Study of a Multicultural Womens Friendship Group Lisa Hanna and Jan Moore 14. Practicing Social Inclusion: Comfort Zone - A Social Support Group for Teenagers with High Functioning Autism Jessica Gill, Pranee Liamputtong and Elizabeth Hoban Part 6: Practising Inclusion in Research 15. Preventing HIV Through Social Inclusion Using Community Based Participatory Research Suzanne M. Dolwick Grieb, Ndidiamaka Amutah, Jason Stowers, Horace Smith, Kimberli Hammonds and Scott D. Rhodes 16. Inclusive Research with People with Intellectual Disability: Recognising the Value of Social Relationships as a Process of Inclusive Research Erin Wilson and Robert Campain 17. Examining the Notion of Informed Consent and Lessons Learned for Increasing Inclusion Among Marginalised Research Groups Nena Foster and Emily Freeman 18. The Invisibility of Childlessness in Research: A More Inclusive Approach Melissa Graham 19. Inclusion in Participatory Research - What Were the Whitefellas Doing in an Aboriginal Health Project? Sarah Barter-Godfrey, Sarah Pollock and Ann Taket Part 7: Conclusion 20. Implementing the Social Inclusion Agenda Beth R. Crisp, Ann Taket, Melissa Graham and Lisa Hanna

Monogamy and secondary sexual partnerships among Afro-Amerindian immigrant women in New York City: a qualitative study.

In New York City, HIV is increasingly concentrated in the foreign-born population, necessitating a greater exploration of the mechanisms through which changes in behavior and risk for HIV occur within migrant populations. Interviews were conducted with 22 Honduran-born Garifuna women to explore partnerships, sexual behaviors, and HIV risk in the context of migration, and transcripts were coded by thematic analysis procedures. Five themes emerged: (1) migration ends relationships, (2) new relationships in the U.S. form because of material and psychological needs, (3) secondary sexual partnerships are a man’s issue, (4) female secondary sexual partnership participation as a marker of equality, and (5) monogamy due to a lack of time. These findings suggest that greater attention be paid to women’s participation in secondary sexual partnerships for purposes other than economic need, and demonstrate a need for HIV interventions that are based in an understanding of how the social context of migration affects sexual behaviors.

HIV-Related Stigma Among Spanish-speaking Latinos in an Emerging Immigrant Receiving City

HIV-related stigma has been associated with a reluctance to test for HIV among Latinos. This study assessed community HIV-related stigma within an emerging Latino immigrant receiving city. We conducted a brief survey among a convenience sample of 312 Spanish-speaking Latinos in Baltimore, Maryland. HIV-related stigma was assessed through six items. Associations between stigma items, socio-demographic characteristics, and HIV testing history were considered. Gender, education, and religiosity were significantly associated with stigmatizing HIV-related beliefs. For example, men were 3.4 times more likely to hold more than three stigmatizing beliefs than women, and were also twice as likely as women to report feeling hesitant to test for HIV for fear of people’s reaction if the test is positive. These findings can help inform future stigma interventions in this community. In particular, we were able to distinguish between drivers of stigma such as fear and moralistic attitudes, highlighting specific actionable items.

Promoting Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Infections Among Sexual and Gender Minority Hispanics/Latinxs

Sexual and gender minority Hispanics/Latinxs (henceforth: Latinxs) continue to be disproportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS in the U.S. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a biomedical prevention approach which holds significant promise for at risk and vulnerable populations. We discuss barriers and facilitators to uptake of PrEP among sexual and gender minority Latinxs living in the U.S. through an ecosocial lens that takes into account structural, community, and individual contexts. The impact of immigration status on PrEP uptake emerges as a major and recurrent theme that must be understood and addressed by HIV prevention programs aiming to promote an inclusive strategy for sexual and gender minority Latinxs living in the U.S.

¡Vive!: Designing an Intervention to Improve Timely HIV Diagnosis Among Latino Immigrant Men

ABSTRACT: Background: Latinos, particularly immigrant men, are more likely to present late to care for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Objectives: This manuscript describes the development of ¡Sólo Se Vive Una Vez! (¡Vive!) (You Only Live Once), a multilevel (individual and community) intervention aimed at increasing HIV testing. Methods: A partnership was established between the Baltimore Latino outreach team, a community coalition, designers, and academics. Intervention priorities were identified through a nominal group technique process. Design students then developed intervention material through an iterative process including feedback from the partners and 75 Latino immigrant men who participated in focus group discussions. Results: ¡Vive! is composed of nine motion graphic modules that can be individually tailored and delivered through a tablet or cell phone, and a complementary social marketing campaign to address HIV stigma in the community. Conclusions: An iterative process with ongoing feedback resulted in intervention components that were engaging and appealing, and reflected the community’s experience.

Enhanced immigration enforcement in the USA and the transnational continuity of HIV care for Latin American immigrants in deportation proceedings

In our work as clinicians, researchers, and immigrant rights advocates, we have noted increased anxiety about the possibility of deportation and disruptions in care among immigrants with HIV. Before the 2016 US elections, patients rarely asked about HIV treatment in their home countries. However, since the increase in anti-immigrant rhetoric and arrests by US Immigration and Customs Enforcement, patients have voiced concerns about the availability of HIV treatment in their home countries much more frequently. Although antiretroviral therapy is available throughout Latin America, access depends on economic, social, and political circumstances. Maintaining uninterrupted continuity of care among immigrants held in detention or deported to their home countries is challenging. In this Viewpoint, we identify periods of particular vulnerability for immigrants during deportation proceedings, from initial detention to deposition in their country of origin. We discuss the effect of enhanced immigration enforcement on the health and wellbeing of HIV-infected immigrants, and on public health. Finally, we also discuss recommendations for clinicians, immigration authorities, and public health institutions in the USA and in receiving countries.

The Patient Research Partner Network Matures: A Report from the GRAPPA 2017 Annual Meeting

The Group for Research and Assessment of Psoriasis and Psoriatic Arthritis (GRAPPA) has reached the third of 5 stages of organizational maturity regarding incorporating patient research partners (PRP) into psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and psoriasis research and educational efforts. Herein, we report the involvement of PRP at the GRAPPA 2017 annual meeting and plans for future PRP engagement.

Syndemic Factors and Resiliency Among Latina Immigrant Indirect Sex Workers in an Emergent Immigrant City

Female sex workers (FSW) constitute a highly vulnerable population challenged by numerous co-existing, or syndemic, risk factors. FSW also display resilience to these, and some evidence suggests that resilience may be associated with protective factors that improve health outcomes. We conducted in-depth interviews with indirect sex workers (n = 11) and their clients (n = 18). Interviews were coded utilizing an iterative, modified constant comparison method to identify emergent themes. We identified five syndemic risk factors (difficulty finding work due to undocumented status, shame and mental health hardship, lack of social support, alcohol use, and violence) and five resilient factors (rationalizing sex work, identifying as a “decent” woman, fulfilling immigrant goals, reducing alcohol consumption, and creating rules to reduce risk of violence and HIV/STIs). Understanding the syndemic risk factors and resiliency developed by FSW is important to develop tailored, strength-based interventions for HIV/STIs and other risks.