Swatantra Agarwal

Comparison of temperature rise in pulp chamber during polymerization of materials used for direct fabrication of provisional restorations: An in‑vitro study

Objective: The purpose is to compare temperature rise in the pulp chamber during fabrication of provisional crowns using different materials and on different types of teeth using direct technique. Materials and Methods: An extracted, sound, caries free maxillary central incisor and a mandibular molar were selected for the study and crown preparations of all ceramic and all metal were done on central incisor and mandibular molar, respectively. Materials tested were DPI tooth molding self-curing material and protemp-4. Addition silicone putty was used as a matrix and 80 provisional crowns were fabricated, of which 40 were on central incisor and 40 on mandibular molar. Depending on the type of material used, they were further divided into two subgroups: Each comprising 20 provisional crowns. Temperature readings were recorded using K type of thermocouple with 0.1°C precision digital thermometer. Statistical Analysis Used : Analysis of variance, Tukey honest significant difference and Kruskall-Wallis H-test. Results: Statistically significant difference exists between two materials tested on the basis of peak temperature achieved and time taken by a particular material to reach peak temperature. Peak temperature achieved was highest for provisional crowns with DPI tooth molding self-curing material on maxillary central incisor (40.39 + 0.46), followed by DPI tooth molding self-curing material on mandibular molar (40.03 + 0.32), protemp-4 on maxillary central incisor (39.46 + 0.26) and least with protemp-4 on mandibular molar (39.09 + 0.33). The time taken to reach peak temperature was almost double in DPI tooth molding self-curing material (5 min) than in protemp-4. Conclusion: Polymethyl methacrylate resin produced higher intra-pulpal rise when compared to newer generation bis-acrylic composite.

Vertical and horizontal proportions of the face and their correlation to phi among Indians in Moradabad population: A survey

Purpose: The purpose was to examine the existence of divine proportions among the Indian faces in Moradabad population. Materials and Methods: Totally, 100 patients (50 males; 50 females) aged 25-45 years were selected for the study. All facial photographs were analyzed based on the method of Ricketts assessing the divine proportions in vertical and transverse facial planes. Six horizontal and seven vertical ratios were determined, which were then compared with the phi ratio. Results: The horizontal ratio results showed that three male and female ratios were not significantly different from each other (P > 0.05), and interchilion/nose width ratio was highly significant (P < 0.001). The horizontal mean ratios for females as well as males were highly significant from the phi ratio (P < 0.001) except for interchilion/interdacryon ratio, which was significant (P < 0.05) for females and not significant (P > 0.05) for males. The vertical ratio results showed that there was a highly significant difference (P < 0.001) for forehead height/stomion-soft menton ratio and no significant difference for two ratios between the mean ratios of males and females. All the vertical mean ratios for both the groups were highly significant (P < 0.001), except for the intereye-soft menton/intereye-stomion ratio, which was significant (P < 0.05) for female group and not significant (P > 0.05) for the male group. Conclusion: Although, the golden proportion is a prominent and recurring theme in esthetics, it should not be embraced as the only method by which human beauty is measured to the exclusion of others factors.

A simplified approach for recording neutral zone.

Neutral zone technique is long being used for the management of severely resorbed mandibular ridges. Various materials are used in recording neutral zone, which have their own advantages and disadvantages. This article discusses the use of Polyether impression material which is simpler and more practical.

Cocktail Impression Technique: A New Approach to Atwood's Order VI Mandibular Ridge Deformity.

The management of highly resorbed ridge has always posed a challenge to the prosthodontist for years. Obtaining consistent mandibular denture stability has long been a challenge for dental profession. In particular, Atwood’s Order V and Order VI pattern of bone resorption is associated with difficulties in providing successful dentures. Stability of lower denture in such cases is usually the distinguishing factor between success and failure. This article outlines a combination of different impression techniques to improve mandibular denture stability in an atrophic mandibular ridge, keeping in mind the prevention of further ridge resorption.

Twin Occlusion: A Solution to Rehabilitate Hemimandibulectomy Patient—A Case Report

Loss of continuity of the mandible destroys the balance and symmetry of mandibular function, leading to altered mandibular movements and deviation of the residual fragment towards the resected side. Prosthodontic treatment along with physical therapy may be useful in reducing mandibular deviation and improving masticatory efficiency. Numerous prosthetic methods are employed to minimize deviation and improve masticatory efficiency which includes implant supported prosthesis, mandibular guide flange prosthesis, and palatal based guidance restoration. This article describes rehabilitation of hemimandibulectomy patient using twinned teeth (two rows of teeth) on the unresected side in the maxillary edentulous arch for whom implant supported prosthesis, mandibular guide flange prosthesis or palatal based guide flange prosthesis cannot be fabricated to improve the masticatory efficiency.

Structurofunctional analysis based on postinsertion problems with complete dentures in Moradabad, North India: A cross-sectional study

Background: Complaints with complete dentures is a common and expected phenomenon. However the type and character of complaint varies between population and is influenced by the socio economic condition, prevalent dental awareness etc. This study attempts to find the most common complaints with complete dentures, their causes and also presents a classification of the same. Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted by performing a survey on a sample of population over an 18 month period utilizing a customized questionnaire. The complaints were divided into four categories viz. discomfort, retention, esthetics and miscellaneous. Consequently each denture was evaluated for structural and functional defects. The findings were classified into error in denture base, physiopsychological, error in occlusion and teeth selection. The data was statistically analyzed. Results: Error in denture base was the predominant cause of complaints. However physiopsychological and error in occlusion and teeth selection were also important second factors in certain groups of complaints. Highest number of complaints (23.07%) belongs to discomfort in mandibular posterior region. While the least number of complaints are concerned with speech as reported by both males and females (both at 2.02%). Conclusion: Discomfort with complete dentures was the largest complaint reported followed by loss of retention with esthetics and miscellaneous complaints. Discomfort in mandibular posterior region was the most frequent complaint reported while speech related complaints were least in number. Most common cause of complaints was error in denture base.

Effect of Addition of Antifungal Agents onPhysical and Biological Properties of a Tissue Conditioner: An In-Vitro Study

Purpose: Tissue conditioners are used for healing of abused oral tissues. They may harbour microorganisms causing oral diseases such as candidiasis compromising the health of the patient. Also, addition of antifungal agents into tissue conditioner may alter its properties. This study compares the anti-fungal property and mechanical properties of tissue conditioner containing different antifungal agents. Methods: Three antifungal agents, one synthetic – fluconazole, and two natural - oregano oil and virgin coconut oil were added into the tissue conditioner (Viscogel) in different concentrations. The antifungal property, tensile bond strength and viscoelasticity of Viscogel containing these antifungal agents were assessed after 24 hours, three days and seven days. Results: While, the highest antifungal activity was shown by Viscogel containing fluconazole, the maximum tensile bond strength was found to be of Viscogel alone (control). Although Viscogel alone and in combination of fluconazole showed deterioration in viscoelasticity, Viscogel in combination of natural agents showed no significant changes over the period of seven days. Conclusion: Incorporation of the natural agents in the tissue conditioner can be used as an effective alternative to systemic or topical synthetic antifungal agents.

Innovative dual impression technique for patients with atrophia idiopathica mucosa oris

Atrophia idiopathica mucosa oris is an oral fibrosing disease resulting in marked rigidity and an eventual inability to open the mouth or had limited mouth opening. Patients with limited mouth opening are a common occurrence in prosthodontic practice. The majority of these patients can be treated with exercise and stretching movements before impressions are made. Some will not respond to these procedures because of facial scarring and surgical manipulation of the facial muscles. This article presents an impression procedure for overcoming difficulties encountered in such reduced mouth opening patients that can be assembled intraorally, disassembled intraorally, and reassembled extraorally.

Effect of Different Implant Length on Stress Distribution Around Dental Implants.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stresses distribution pattern at the implant bone and implant abutment interface with varying implant length. A 3-D edentulous maxillary model was generated from com- puted tomography (CT) images. Four implants were placed in the premaxilla and splinted with a titanium bar. Three different con- figurations were evaluated with the distal implant varying in length (8 mm, 10 mm and 13 mm). A vertical load (120 N) was applied on the titanium bar corresponding to the left second premolar region. Von Mises stress values were evaluated. The results showed that stresses at the periimplant bone as well as at the implant abutment junction decreased on both the sides as the implant length increased. The surface area contact between the bone and implant increases leading to the implant absorbing more of the load and thereby decreasing the stresses. The interface must tolerate the occlusal forces without adverse tissue response. In natural teeth, the periodontal ligament acts as an intermediate cushion element to buffer the occlusal forces; however, in the osseoin- tegrated dental implant, occlusal loads are transmitted directly to the surrounding bones. This could cause microfracture at the interface between the bone and implant, fracture of implant, loosening of components of the implant system, and unwanted bone resorption. It is critical for the practitioner to fully grasp the relationship between various combinations of bone and implant parameters and the resulting stresses on the bone from a wide range of mas- ticatory forces. 2 Several implant concepts have been developed, and many im- plant types are commercially available in different sizes, shapes, materials, and surfaces. To analyze the effectiveness and re- liability of endosseous implants, revealing possible risks of implant failure, stress analysis of bone implant mechanical in- teractions is important. The complex geometry of the coupled bone-implant biomechanical system prevents the use of closed- form approach for stress evaluation. Therefore, the behavior of endosteal dental implants can be investigated by using numeri- cal techniques. Recently, the finite element method has been widely applied to prosthetic dentistry

Comparison of Dimensional Stability and Surface Detail Reproduction of Two Elastomeric Impression Materials Under Dry and Moist Conditions at Varying Time Intervals

Impression materials may contract or expand after impression making. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the dimensional stability and surface detail reproduction of commercially available Polyvinylsiloxane and Polyether impression materials in dry and moist conditions at different time intervals. A total of eighty impressions of the custom made stainless steel die were made with both the impression materials in the dry and moist condition according to ADA specification 19. The impressions were tested after one hour, 24 hours and 72 hours of impression making, using a travelling microscope. Under dry as well as moist conditions, polyvinylsiloxane showed significantly higher mean dimensional variation as compared to polyether impression material. Under dry conditions, polyvinylsiloxane showed better surface detail reproduction. Under moist conditions, polyether showed better surface detail reproduction. Comparison of Dimensional Stability and Surface Detail Reproduction of Two Elastomeric Impression Materials Under Dry and Moist Conditions at Varying Time Intervals