Syed Akhtar Imam

Energy-efficiency of Virtual cooperative MIMO techniques in wireless sensor networks

Cooperative multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) based communication architecture are used for energy efficient communication in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we investigate cooperative MIMO for fixed and variable rates. We propose energy efficient routing based on cooperative MIMO. In wireless sensors networks, the nodes are operating on batteries so that energy consumption must be minimized while satisfying given throughput and delay requirement. Simulations show that with proper design, Cooperative MIMO based routing is more energy efficient as compared to single input single output (SISO) for larger distances and prolong sensor network lifetime.

Energy Efficiency of the IEEE 802.15.4 Standard in Wireless Sensor Networks: Modeling and Improvement Perspectives

IEEE focuses on the physical and MAC layer of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) works on Network layer and higher in the seven layer OSI reference model for networking. The IEEE 802.15.4 standard, defines the physical layer (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) sub layer specifications for low-data-rate wireless connectivity with fixed, portable, and moving devices with no battery or very limited battery consumption requirements. In this paper, the energy consumption of a practical Wireless Sensor Network scenario is modeled at the bottom three layers of the traditional networking stack—the physical layer, data link layer and the MAC layer. Using these models, the optimization of energy consumption of WSN nodes is achieved using different modulation schemes to maximize the network lifetime. The approach is to design and simulate a wireless sensor network scenario consisting of 12 nodes in 500x500 m area and optimize the energy consumption (radio energy + circuit energy) of each node using suitable modulation techniques and reduce the Energy Consumption up to 80% in a home automation scenario.

Performance analysis of STBC encoded cooperative MIMO system for wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks consist of sensor nodes with sensing and communication capabilities. As sensor nodes are generally battery-powered devices, the critical aspects to face concern how to reduce the energy consumption of nodes, so that the network life time can be increased to reasonable times. The efficiency of space-time block code-encoded (STBC) cooperative transmission is studied. An energy-efficient virtual multiple-input multiple-output (MEMO) communication architecture based on V-BLAST receiver processing is proposed for energy-constrained, distributed wireless sensor networks. Numerical results show that significant energy saving are offered by the proposed virtual MEMO architecture in distributed wireless sensor networks. Cooperation protocol with low overhead is proposed, and synchronization requirements among cooperating sensors are discussed. Energy efficiency is analyzed as a trade-off between the reduced transmission energy consumption and the increased electronic and overhead energy consumption. Simulations show that with proper design, cooperative transmission can enhance energy efficiency and prolong sensor network lifetime. Simulation results are included.

Design issues for wireless sensor networks and smart humidity sensors for precision agriculture: A review

Precision agriculture is a process in which information and technology is used for collection of high resolution spatio-temporal data regarding atmospheric and soil conditions from farm land. With the help of farm land data and an appropriate crop-growth model, a decision support system regulates the agricultural needs precisely in order to gain maximum benefits for farmer. Application of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) provides a low cost and easy to implement solution for automatic data collection from farmlands. Various design issues for WSN in context of precision agriculture have been reviewed in this paper. Humidity (RH) sensors play a crucial role for WSN for precision agriculture applications. This paper also reviews various requirements of Humidity sensors characteristics in context of WSN application for precision agriculture. In the later section of the paper, in depth comparative review of recent research work done in field of design and performance modeling of humidity sensor has been given.

Speaker recognition using MFCC, shifted MFCC with vector quantization and fuzzy

In the range of biometric we consider the variability of discourse flag because of the vicinity of clam or which impressively corrupts the productivity of ASR in genuine ecological condition. Speaker-vocal attributes exist in discourse signals and because of distinctive resonances of diverse speakers speaker acknowledgment framework checks the speaker. These distinctions can be misused by extricating element vectors like Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCCs) from the discourse signal. In this paper we have utilized MFCC and Shifted MFCC with Vector Quantization and fuzzy demonstrating strategies correspondingly to enhance the execution of ASR even in boisterous environment with the assistance of redesigned discourse data which are available at high recurrence in otherworldly area. The mix of fuzzy demonstrating and shifted MFCC makes an in number total calculation which has the sensibly high vigour to clamour. In exploratory results, we have discovered 10-20% upgraded precision even at 5-8dB SNR in the vicinity of music foundation, boisterous natural condition furthermore in the vicinity of repetitive sound.

Optimisation of energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks using error control codes

Energy saving optimisation is a prime concern in the design of Wireless Sensor Networks as sensor nodes are deployed in different terrains where no source of power supply is available and sensor devices are operated by battery. The energy consumption of a sensor node is a function of internodes distance, desired BER, channel conditions, operating frequency, modulation schemes and error correcting codes (ECC). In this paper, we present a systematic approach to explore a design space to find an energy-optimal ECC in wireless sensor networks (WSN). ECC provides coding gain, resulting in transmitter energy saving at the cost of added decoder power. Further, for coded transmission, it is shown that that benefit of coding gain varies with the transmission distance referred as crossover distance (dxo).

A Compact Dual-Band N-Way Wilkinson Power Divider for GSM

In this paper, a compact dual band equal split N-way Wilkinson power divider (WPD) is presented for GSM. A coupled line is also proposed as dual-band quarter wavelength transmission line transformer (DBQWTLT). To understand the dual-band operation of DBQWTLT, the complete derivation for the design equations is also done herein. By replacing each quarter (ʎ/4) wavelength transmission line (TL) of the single-band equal split N-way WPD with the proposed DBQWTLT, the proposed circuit is obtained. To validate the proposed approach, dual-band equal split two-way- and five-way WPD for 900 and 1800 MHz (GSM frequencies) operating frequencies are presented here. The simulated results of the dual-band equal split two-way and equal split five-way Wilkinson power dividers validate the theoretical approach.

A new wideband 3dB power divider for dual band applications

The rapid advancement of wireless standards has necessitated the need for multiband radio frequency (RF) components. The power divider is one component that plays a key role in the performance of a wireless transceiver. In this paper, a compact dual-band 3dB wideband power divider (PD) is presented for dual band applications. A coupled line transformer is also proposed as quarter wavelength transmission line (TL) transformer. The design formula for the dual band operation for the quarter wavelength transformer is also derived in section II of the paper. The proposed circuit is obtained by replacing conventional TL of two section PD with a proposed coupled line quarter wavelength transformer. Specifically, the PD is designed for 1 GHz and 2 GHz operating frequencies are simulated using Agilent Technologys Advanced Design System tool. The simulated results of the power divider validate0the theoretical results.

Data Aggregation based Cooperative MIMO System for Wireless Sensor Networks: Performance Analysis

increase the life span of wireless sensor network, energy consumption must be minimized while satisfying given throughput and delay requirement. In this paper, we described an energy model based on cooperative MIMO scheme considering of both transmission and data aggregation energy is proposed for wireless sensor network. Based on this consequence, jointly considering both cooperative MIMO and data aggregation techniques which shows performance enhancement over conventional SISO system for same signal- to-noise ratio. Moreover, at critical distance value MIMO system outperforms SISO system is compared. The results show that MQAM is the best modulation technique is proved by simulations and suitable diversity technique for energy miniaturization to send a given number of bits are analyzed. Keywordsdiversity schemes, Data aggregation, Energy Efficiency, Wireless sensor network.

Combining Speech and Gender Classification for Effective Emotion Recognition

The applications of emotion recognition in consumer electronics are increasing day by day. However the accuracy and stability of the decisions made by appliances largely depends on the efficient recognition of these emotions. The performance may degrade drastically due to interfering noise. This paper proposes a method which may improve the accuracy significantly. Results have confirmed that this system may help to improve the recognition results. General Terms Pattern Recognition, Gender Classification