Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed Omar

Takwilan Nas-Nas Sifat Mutashabihat Dalam Kalangan Salaf

The interpretation of mutashabihat verse is an issue that persists in the minds of Muslims since the beginning of the century until the present day. Salaf scholars are often labeled by some contemporary writers as people who do not interpret mutashabihat verse, while Khalaf scholars who come after the Salaf are labeled otherwise. As a result of this labeling, there are polemics which arise among the present Muslims that the interpretation of the mutashabihat verse by the Khalaf is against the Salaf’s beliefs. However, the extent and validity of such claims need to be reviewed to deal with the conflict. For this purpose, this article intends to examine the statements and opinions of the Salaf scholars on this issue in order to identify whether or not they take the attitude to interpret the mutashabihat verse. Qualitative studies which focus on the analysis of the content of this document has found that some of the Salaf scholars who lived until the third Hijrah century also interpreted the mutashabihat verse in the similar way as the Khalaf scholars.

Effect of Zamzam Water Alone or In Combination with Methadone on Animal Withdrawal Symptoms in Morphine Dependent Rats

Prolong activation of Mu-Opioid receptor will causes adaptation to the downstream system of opioid. This adaptation is believed to be a key factor for tolerance and opioid dependence. This study aimed to investigate the potential of Zamzam water, healing nature water that reported to have high concentration of mineral on alleviating the morphine withdrawal symptoms of morphine-dependent rat. In this experimental study, 50 male Sprague Dawley rats (250-300 g) were randomly divided into five groups of 10 (normal group, untreated group, methadone treated group, Zamzam water treated group, and co-treatment methadone and Zamzam water group). The morphine dependence model was obtained through intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of morphine (50-75 mg/kg) at increasing doses for 30 days. Morphine dependent rats then were treated with methadone, Zamzam water and co-treatment methadone and Zamzam water for 30 days, respectively. Spontaneous withdrawal symptoms (diarrhea, wet dog shake, body writhing, jumping, teeth chattering) were observed on day one, seven, fourteen, twenty one and thirty of withdrawal. Next, the obtained data were analyzed using SPSS v.11 software, and one way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post statistical tests The data obtained from this animal behaviour observation indicates that the co-treatment methadone and Zamzam water significantly attenuated the spontaneous withdrawal symptoms (diarrhea, wet dog shake) of morphine-dependent rat compared to other groups’ (P < 0.05). This is probably due to the capability of methadone and mineral especially sodium in Zamzam water to prevent downregulation of MOR-1 after chronic morphine administration. We have concluded that co-treatment of methadone and Zamzam water significantly attenuates the spontaneous morphine withdrawal symptoms; Diarrhea and wet dog shake among rats.