Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan

In vivo antipyretic, antiemetic, in vitro membrane stabilization, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of different extracts from Spilanthes paniculata leaves

BackgroundThe study was conducted to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial activity, cytotoxic, and membrane stabilization activities, and in vivo antiemetic and antipyretic potentials of ethanolic extract, n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions of Spilanthes paniculata leaves for the first time widely used in the traditional treatments in Bangladesh.ResultsIn antipyretic activity assay, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) was observed in the temperature in the mice tested. At dose 400 mg/kg-body weight, the n-hexane soluble fraction showed the effect (36.7 ± 0.63°C ) as like as the standard (dose 150 mg/kg-body weight) after 5 h of administration. Extracts showed significant (P < 0.001) potential when tested for the antiemetic activity compared to the standard, metoclopramide. At dose 50 mg/kg-body weight, the standard showed 67.23% inhibition, whereas n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions showed 37.53% and 24.93% inhibition of emesis respectively at dose 400 mg/kg-body weight. In antimicrobial activity assay, the n-hexane soluble fraction (400 μg/disc) showed salient activity against the tested organisms. It exerts highest activity against Salmonella typhi (16.9 mm zone of inhibition); besides, crude, and ethyl acetate extracts showed resistance to Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, and Vibrio cholera respectively. All the extracts were tested for lysis of the erythrocytes. At the concentration of 1mg/ml, ethanol extract, and n-hexane and ethyl acetate soluble fractions significantly inhibited hypotonic solution induced lysis of the human red blood cell (HRBC) (27.406 ± 3.57, 46.034 ± 3.251, and 30.72 ± 5.679% respectively); where standard drug acetylsalicylic acid (concentration 0.1 mg/ml) showed 77.276 ± 0.321% inhibition. In case of heat induced HRBC hemolysis, the plant extracts also showed significant activity (34.21 ± 4.72, 21.81 ± 3.08, and 27.62 ± 8.79% inhibition respectively). In the brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the n-hexane fraction showed potent (LC50 value 48.978 μg/ml) activity, whereas ethyl acetate fraction showed mild (LC50 value 216.77 μg/ml) cytotoxic activity.ConclusionsOur results showed that the n-hexane extract has better effects than the other in all trials. In the context, it can be said that the leaves of S. paniculata possess remarkable pharmacological effects, and justify its folkloric use as antimicrobial, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antiemetic agent. Therefore, further research may be suggested to find possible mode of action of the plant part.

Effect of socio-economic status and estimation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant in preeclamptic pregnant women: a case-control study

Objective: Increased extent of lipid peroxidation and decreased antioxidant defense has been postulated as a major contributor to the development of preeclampsia. The present study was conducted to determine the serum level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and vitamin C in these patients. Methods: This research was conducted as a case–control study to assess the extent of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status in 150 preeclampsia patients and 174 healthy pregnant women. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring serum MDA level, and antioxidant defense was evaluated for serum vitamin C by UV spectrophotometric method. Independent sample t test and Pearson’s correlation test were used for the statistical analysis with statistical software package SPSS, version 16.0 (SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL). Results: Our study found significantly higher level of MDA (p < 0.05) and significantly lower level of vitamin C (p < 0.05) in preeclampsia patients in comparison to the control subjects. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed that there was negative correlation between the serum level of MDA and vitamin C for both patient (r = −0.057, p = 0.669) and control groups (r = −0.128, p = 0.487). Analysis of socio-economic data revealed that preeclampsia was more prevalent among the rural pregnant than the urban pregnant women (OR 1.44, 95% CI 0.665–3.14, p = 0.352). It was also observed that primigravida pregnant were at higher risk for the development of preeclampsia than the multigravida pregnant women (OR 1.87, 95% CI 0.868–4.04, p = 0.108). Conclusions: Elevated serum MDA and depleted serum vitamin C may be associated with the development of preeclampsia.

Formulation and Quality Determination of Indapamide Matrix Tablet: A Thiazide Type Antihypertensive Drug

PURPOSE The present study was explored to develop a sustained release matrix tablet of Indapamide, a low-dose thiazide-type diuretic, using hydroxylpropyl methylcellulose (Methocel K15MCR) in various proportions as release controlling factor. METHODS The tablets were formulated using direct compression method. The powers for tableting were evaluated for angle of response, loose bulk density, tapped bulk density, compressibility index, total porosity and drug content etc. The tablets were subjected to thickness, weight variation test, drug content, hardness, friability, and in vitro dissolution studies. RESULTS The granules showed satisfactory flow properties, compressibility index, and drug content. All the formulated tablets complies pharmacopoeia specifications. The release kinetics of the drug decreased exponentially with the addition of polymer concentration. Indapamide release rate was observed to be the highest with the lowest concentration of polymer used. The release mechanism was explored with zero order, first order, Higuchi and Krosmeyer equations. Stability tests of the drug showed no notable changes in the rate of drug release, related substances and drug content. CONCLUSION In the context, it can be suggested that this formulation of sustained release Indapamide tablets can be marketed to treat patients with hypertension ensuring proper healthcare.

BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF DILLENIA INDICA L. BARK GROWING IN BANGLADESH

The study was designed to explore possible phytochemical characteristics (group determinant of plant extract) and to investigate the cytotoxic and anthelmintic potential in vitro, using the methan olic extract of bark of Dillenia indica growing in coastal region of Bangladesh. Phytochemical analysis of the crude extract revealed the presence of alkaloid(s), carbohydrate(s), glycoside(s), phenol, tannin, protein(s), gum and mucilages. N hexane and et hyl acetate soluble fraction of Dillenia indica were screened for cytotoxic activity using brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where vincristine sulphate was used as a positive control. It was noticed that the methanolic extract and its fractions possess pote nt cytotoxic principles (with LC 50 value17.68 μ g / ml, 17.68 μ g / ml, 15.80 μ g / ml and LC 90 value 486.61, 287.66, 148.82 μg / ml respectively) compared with positive control vincristine sulphate (LC 50 0.631 μ g / ml and LC 90 value 13.51 μ g / ml). The other study was undertaken to evaluate anthelmintic activity where albendazole was used as reference standard. Methanolic extra ct of barks (25 mg / mL) caused paralysis of the worms at 136 minutes and death at 176.0 minutes while albendazole (positive control) paralyzed and killed the worms at 17.67 minutes and 48 minutes, respectively. The study confirms the mild anthelmintic act ivity of bark extract of Dillenia indica and therefore suggests the isolation of active principles through bioassay.

Exploration of Analgesic Activity of the Ethanolic Extract of Erythrina variegate Bark

The aim of this study was to evaluate analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of the bark of Erythrina variegata . The analgesic potential of the extract was evaluated using acetic acid-induced writhing test for peripheral analgesic activity and tail immersion, hot plate, formalin and glutamate test at 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight doses. In analgesic activity tests, the extract at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg b.w. produced a remarkable increase in pain threshold in a dose dependent manner. In acetic acid induced writhing test, the inhibitory effect was to be parallel to the reference drug diclofenac sodium. The extract showed 18.89% writhing inhibitory effect at the dose 200 mg/kg b.w., whereas diclofenac sodium showed 79.42% inhibition of writhing at a dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. The results of tail immersion and hot plate test also showed potential analgesic activity of the extract which is also comparable to the standard drug morphine (5 mg/kg b.w.). In formalin test, the bark extract at doses 200 mg/kg b.w. were found to exhibit the highest 47.80% inhibitory effect in late phase, whereas the reference drug morphine showed 63.64% inhibitory effect on licking of the hind paw. In glutamate test, the bark extract at doses 200 mg/kg b.w. were found to exhibit the highest 68.07% inhibitory effect in late phase, whereas the reference drug diclofenac sodium showed 61.53% inhibitory effect on licking of the hind paw. In conclusion, it can be said that the plant part have potential analgesic activity and may be used to relief pain.