Syed Zakir Hussain Shah

Effect of citric acid and phytase on growth performance and mineralization of Labeo rohita juveniles fed soybean meal based diet.

Present experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of phytase, citric acid and their interaction on growth, muscle proximate composition and mineralization of whole body and bones in Labeo rohita juveniles. For this trial, 405 juveniles were used in a 3 factorial arrangement (0, 1.5 and 3% citric acid and 0, 750 and 1000 FTU/kg phytase) under completely randomized design. Triplicate groups of 15 fish per experimental units were fed experimental diets for 8 weeks. Fish fed citric acid and phytase supplemented diet showed improved (p<0.05) growth and body proximate of L. rohita either supplemented individually or mutually. Citric acid addition caused a significant (p<0.05) increment in the minerals deposition in the whole body and bones of juveniles. Similarly, phytase supplementation also improved (p<0.05) the mineralization in juveniles. Furthermore, a significant (p<0.05) interaction between both the supplements was observed to improve the minerals contents in the body and bones of fish. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that citric acid and phytase are very effective supplements to increase the bioavailability of minerals from soybean meal based diet.

Role of phytase supplementation in improving nutrient digestibility and growth performance for Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on canola meal-based diet

ABSTRACT The present feeding trial was conducted to assess the optimal level of phytase supplementation required for maximum nutrient absorption and growth performance of Labeo rohita fingerlings fed canola meal-based diet. A standard diet having 30.21% protein and an energy value of 4.26 kcalg−1 was used as reference diet. The experimental diet having similar protein and caloric density was formulated by using 70% reference diet and 30% of canola meal as test ingredient. This experimental diet was then divided into seven test diets and were supplemented by graded levels (0, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250 and 1500 FTU kg−1) of phytase enzyme. Chromic oxide was used in reference and test diets as an inert marker. Results showed that phytase supplementation at 750 FTU kg−1 level effectively increased apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein (64%), crude fat (76%) and gross energy (68%) as compared to reference and other phytase-supplemented diets. The results of present study showed increased growth and feed performance of fingerlings in response to phytase supplementation. Maximum performance was obtained by the fish fed on test diet having 750 FTU kg−1 level. It was concluded that 750 FTU kg−1 level of phytase supplementation in canola meal-based diet is sufficient for increasing nutrient digestibility and growth performance of L. rohita fingerlings.

PURIFICATION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF LIVER CATALASE FROM CONTROL AND Pb+Cd METAL MIXTURE STRESSED Oreochromis niloticus

Water contamination is a severe environmental issue and has worse effects on fish health. Antioxidant system is present in all living organisms that maintain redox homeostasis by neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). Catalase (CAT) is the part of antioxidant system that protect an organism from oxidative stress by detoxifying H2O2 into H2O and O2 molecule. Majority of enzymes are intermingled with other biomolecules when extracted and needed to purify so that biochemical properties can be described clearly. The first purpose of the present research work was to investigate whether tilapia produce more CAT in the chronic metal mixture stressed condition or not. While, the second purpose of the present research work was to purify and partially characterize the liver CAT from control and Pb+Cd metal mixture stressed Oreochromis niloticus. The inferences of present study showed higher liver CAT activity in control O. niloticus as compared to binary metal mixture treated O. niloticus. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed when compared liver CAT activity among control and stressed fish. Specific activity of purified liver CAT was observed 1027.52 and 946.93 Umg -1 for control and metal stressed fish, respectively. The fold purification of control and metal treated fish liver CAT was recorded 15.27 and 15.44, respectively. Optimum pH and temperature of liver CAT purified from both control and metal stressed fish was found 7 and 25°C. Km value for control and metal stressed O. niloticus liver was measured 6.82 and 1.71mM H2O2mL -1 , respectively. On the basis of present study

Physiochemical characteristics and bone/cartilage tissue engineering potentialities of protein-based macromolecules — A review

Protein-based macromolecules such as keratin, silk fibroin, collagen, gelatin, and fibrin have emerged as potential candidate materials with unique structural and functional characteristics. Despite many advantages, the development of tissue-engineered constructs that can match the biological context of real tissue matrix remains a challenge in tissue engineering (TE). The tissue-engineered constructs should also support vascularization. Protein-based macromolecules, in pristine or combine form, provide a promising platform to engineer constructs with unique design and functionalities which are highly essential for an appropriate stimulation and differentiation of cells in a specific TE approach. However, much work remains to be undertaken with particular reference to in-depth interactions between constructed cues and target host tissues. Thus, modern advancements are emphasizing to understand critiques and functionalization of protein-based macromolecule that organize not only cellular activities but also tissue regenerations. In this review, numerous physicochemical, functional, and structural characteristics of protein-based macromolecules such as keratin, silk fibroin, collagen, gelatin, and fibrin are discussed. This review also presents the hope vs. hype phenomenon for tissue engineering. Later part of the review focuses on different requisite characteristics and their role in TE. The discussion presented here could prove highly useful for the construction of scaffolds with requisite features.

Acidified Diet Increases the Trace Mineral Content in Whole Body Fish Labeo rohita Fingerlings

| The present study was designed to check minerals in fish body with organic acid supplemented diets in Labeo rohita fingerlings. Five experimental diets were prepared containing organic acid (0%), malic acid (2%), citric acid (2%), formic acid (2%), lactic acid (2%) and designed as “OA1, OA2, OA3, OA4 and OA5”, respectively. Eight weeks experimental trail were performed. Water quality characteristics (dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature) were checked daily throughout the trail. Results concluded that the body mineralization in L. rohita was increased by supplementation of organic acid. The maximum body mineralization was noted in fish fed with the dietary group OA3 that contain citric acid and minimum mineralization was noted in the diet OA5 containing lactic acid when compared with other dietary treatments. In conclusion, citric acid showed best response as compared to other dietary supplemented organic groups. Article History Received: April 04, 2018 Revised: June 13, 2018 Accepted: June 20, 2018 Published: August 04, 2018 Authors’ Contributions LS executed the research. MA supervised the study. SZHS did statistical analysis. MF helped in compiling the data. HN and QS helped in writing the article.

Nutrient digestibility performance by rohu (Labeo rohita) juveniles fed acidified and phytase pre-treated sunflower meal-based diet

ABSTRACT The present research work was conducted to investigate the effects of microbial phytase and citric acid supplementations on nutrient digestibility performance by rohu (Labeo rohita) juveniles fed a sunflower meal (SFM)-based diet. The basal diet was supplemented with two levels of phytase (0 and 1000 FTU/kg) and each level of this phytase-supplemented diet was further supplemented with two levels of citric acid (0% and 2%). Chromic oxide (1%), as an inert marker, was added to the diet to determine nutrient digestibility. Results showed that digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract was significantly (p < .05) enhanced by citric acid supplementation. Similarly, phytase pretreatment also resulted in improved (p <.05) digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and ether extract. Also, citric acid and phytase supplementation improved (p < .05) the digestibility of P, Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Mn and Fe. Nevertheless, the addition of both supplements (citric acid and phytase) simultaneously did not produce any interaction for the digestibility of these minerals. Hence, it is concluded that phytase (1000 FTU/kg) and citric acid (2%) supplementation to an SFM meal-based diet improved the nutrient digestibility in L. rohita juveniles.