T. De Ridder

Long Reach Passive Optical Networks

This paper is a tutorial reviewing research and development performed over the last few years to extend the reach of passive optical networks using technology such as optical amplifiers.

OSNR Penalty Imposed by Linear In-Band Crosstalk Caused by Interburst Residual Power in Multipoint-To-Point Networks

We present an analysis of linear in-band crosstalk in high split long reach wavelength/time-division-multiplexing passive optical networks (WDM-TDM PONs). In this letter, a mathematical model is deducted for the first time to calculate optical signal-to-noise ratio penalties due to in-band crosstalk in multipoint-to-point networks. The network performance can be perturbed by in-band crosstalk caused by power leakages from burst-mode optical network units (ONUs) in off-state. Our study results show that the leaked powers in upstream ONU transmitters can have an impact on the achievable split factor of WDM-TDM PONs. Furthermore, the performance limitations caused by aggregated interburst residual power are discussed.

Next generation access networks: PIEMAN and beyond

Long-reach access networks such as the hybrid TDM-WDM-PON studied in the EU-funded project PIEMAN reduce node count and increase bandwidth per customer, but require challenging opto-electronic component development. We review PIEMANs achievements and future possibilities.

A symmetric 320Gb/s capable, 100km extended reach hybrid DWDM-TDMA PON

We demonstrate a DWDM-TDMA PON with symmetric 320 Gb/s capacity shared between 16384 customers. The upstream channels were tested in burst-mode and feature low-cost tuneable lasers, monolithically integrated SOA-EAMs, burst-mode EDFAs and a 10 Gb/s burst-mode receiver.

A 2.7V 9.8Gb/s Burst-Mode TIA with Fast Automatic Gain Locking and Coarse Threshold Extraction

Todays broadband access is moving towards PONs at 10Gb/s. This requires a burst-mode receiver to support the TDMA protocol used in its upstream path. Such a receiver consists of a burst-mode transimpedance amplifier (BM-TIA) which largely dictates the performance of the receiver and a burst-mode post-amplifier (BM-PA) that removes all dc-offsets present in the BM-TIA signal and regenerates the logical amplitude information. The BM-TIA is fabricated in a 0.25mum SiGe BiCMOS technology. The TIA is mounted together with a PIN photodiode in a butterfly package. These measurements show that the gain locking happens within 4.5ns from the start of the burst.

High Performance Burst-Mode Upstream Transmission for Next Generation PONs

This paper presents the effective optical gain achieved with FEC in 1.25 Gbit/s GPON uplink yielding -36 dBm burst-mode receiver sensitivity and 25 dB dynamic range. A low cost embedded fiber monitoring system measures fiber attenuation and locates deteriorations without interference with TDM(A) network operation or power budget penalty. Finally, a 10 Gbit/s WDM/TDMA long reach PON system is introduced

Burst-Mode CDR Performance in Long-Reach High-Split Passive Optical Networks

This paper compares two burst-mode clock and data recovery (BM-CDR) techniques suitable for bursty upstream data transmission, namely a gated voltage controlled oscillator (GVCO) and an oversampling clock phase alignment (CPA). Numeric models were deduced with timing jitter and duty cycle distortion (DCD) present in the received data. The performance of the two techniques are analyzed and compared especially in an optically amplified long-reach high-split PON (LR-PON) system. It is shown that an oversampling CPA exhibits a large DCD tolerance and better jitter rejection than a GVCO without line coding, resulting in high network efficiency while keeping fast bit synchronisation. This makes the oversampling CPA technique the best option for the proposed network.

Burst-Mode Electronic Equalization for 10-Gb/s Passive Optical Networks

Using computer simulations, it is shown how burst-mode electronic equalization in the optical line termination of a passive optical network (PON) allows 10 Gb/s in the upstream direction with directly modulated distributed-feedback lasers. This allows achieving 10 Gb/s using cost-effective components at the optical network unit. Fast convergence of the equalizer coefficients is achieved during the preamble of each burst using the recursive least squares algorithm instead of the least mean squares algorithm. With a nine-tap feed-forward equalizer, two-tap decision feedback equalizer, a physical reach of 38 km and a splitting factor of 32 can be achieved in the 1.5-mum window, exceeding requirements for deployed PONs.

Polarization Dependence of Linear In-Band Crosstalk in Multipoint-to-Point Networks

This letter studies the influence of random polarization on in-band crosstalk caused by residual output power in high split long reach wavelength/time-division-multiplexing passive optical networks. Based on a statistical description of polarization, statistics of network performance are deduced, and it is shown that a significant reduction in requirements for the maximum allowable interburst residual output power is obtained if the bit-error rate (BER) is allowed to fall short of the required BER for a few seconds per annum.

European research project PIEMAN

A novel DWDM-TDMA PON with symmetric 320Gb/s capacity shared between 16384 customers is demonstrated. Upstream channels were tested in burst-mode and featured low-cost tuneable lasers, monolithically integrated SOA-EAMs, burst-mode EDFAs and a 10Gb/s burst-mode receiver.