T. Ludlam

Inclusive production of neutral strange particles by 147 GeV/cπ+/K+/p interactions in hydrogen

Results are presented from a study of inclusive neutral strange particle production by a 147 GeV/c tagged π+/K+/p beam in the Fermilab 30-inch hydrogen bubble chamber. The experiment made use of the proportional hybrid spectrometer system. Results are based on 995 KS0, 485 Λ, and 83 Λ found in a sample of 132 000 pictures. Cross sections are given for inclusive production of these particles by each of the three beam particles, and comparisons are made with measurements at other energies. Topological cross sections are also calculated, and KNO multiplicity scaling is investigated. Distributions are presented of invariant cross sections as functions of the Feynman scaling variable x and c.m. rapidity y. The transverse momentum-squared distributions with their fitted slopes are also given. Comparisons are made of the production characteristics for the three beam types.

Cross sections and charged multiplicity distributions for π−p and K−p interactions at 147 GeV/c

Abstract The results presented in this paper were obtained from a 105 000 frame exposure of the FNAL Hybrid Proportional Wire Chamber-30 inch Bubble Chamber System, in a tagged beam of 147 GeV/ c negative particles. Elastic, total and topological cross sections were obtained for both π − p and K − p interactions. Comparisons with other data, taken with various beam particles over large momentum intervals, show good agreement with KNO scaling, and similarity in the scaling behavior of σ n for the different beam particles.

Topological and leading particle cross sections for 147 GeV/c π− -p interactions☆

Abstract Results are reported based on a study of π − p interactions at 147 GeV/ c in the FERMILAB 30-inch Proportional Wire Hybrid Bubble Chamber System. We have measured the topological cross sections and separated two-prong elastic and inelastic channels. In addition, we have extracted leading particle cross sections using the increased momentum resolution of the downstream proportional wire chambers. We have compared our results with experiments and predictions of a simple fragmentation hyphothesis.

Inclusive and semi-inclusive ϱ0 production in π−p interactions at 147 GeV/c

Abstract We present data on inclusive and semi-inclusive ϱ 0 production in 147 GeV/ c π − p interactions. We find a total cross section of 7.3 ± 1.3 mb. Most of this cross section is found in the lower topology events (⩽ 10 prongs), and in the central and forward rapidity regions. The P T 2 dependence of ϱ 0 production, 〈: n > ϱ 0 per event, and the ϱ 0 / π + ratios are also discussed.

The effective-energy dependence of the charged particle's multiplicity in p/π+/K+ interactions on protons at 147 GeV/c

Abstract The energy dependence of the average of the charged multiplicity and its dispersion in π + /K + /p interaction on protons at 147 GeV/ c is found to be the same as in e + e − annihilations if an “effective energy” variable is used instead of the total energy. The effective energy S eff is defined as the invariant mass of all secondaries left after the two leading particles have been removed. Fitting the expression aS eff b to the average charge multiplicity 〈 n ch 〉, we find the power b to be in good agreement with the value of 0.25 predicted by Fermis statistical model and by Landaus hydrodynamical model.

Evidence for strong clustering effects in high-multiplicity final states at 30 GeV

Abstract A statistical analysis of the event-to-event fluctuations of the langitudinal-momentum distributions is applied to 2-, 3-, 4- and 6-pion production data in 28 GeV c proton-nucleon collisions, as well as to several models. The results indicate that a dominant feature of these final states is the formation of high-multiplicity clusters of particles.

CRISIS detector: Characteristics and performance

A drift chamber, which makes possible the identification of charged particles in the momentum range 5–100 GeV/c by taking 192 samples of the ionization which they produce in 1.6 cm of 80% argon–20% CO2, has been constructed and tested. It is 1×1×3 m in the sampling direction and is operated at a pressure slightly above atmospheric. It has been found to be very stable in operation and to give an average resolution for the average charge distribution of 8.13±0.18% (FWHM) in agreement with the predicted value of 8.4%.

The reactionspp→ppπ+π-,K+p→K+pπ+π−π, π+p→ π+,pπ+π− and π−p →π+π− at 147 GeV/c

We have studied the reactionspp→ppπ+π-,K+p→K+pπ+π−π, π+p→ π+,pπ+π− and π−p →π+π− at 147 GeV/c using the 30-inch Fermilab hybrid system. All four reactions were detected with the same apparatus and analyzed in the same way. The energy dependence of the channel cross section was found to beAp−0.6+B for thepp reaction andAp−1+B for the other three. About 90% of the cross section at 147 GeV/c can be accounted for by either beam or target diffraction. Some of the remaining cross section may come from double Pomeron exchange reactions which we tried to isolate. We have tested the hypothesis of a factorizable Pomeron and our data indicates a violation of this hypothesis. We show that the 3π mass enhancement in the mass region 1.2–1.4 GeV is diffractively produced in the π± beam reactions. Fourprong, four-constraint and six-prong, four-constraint cross sections are reported.

Hadron production inπ+,K+p andpp collisions at 147 GeV/c and properties of jet-like multiparticle systems

The gross features of the data are reviewed and the momentum tensor components, 〈S〉, and 〈T〉 are studied. Evidence for coplanarity effects is observed. A probabilistic method to search for jets is proposed. The jets found by this method are seen to be similar to highpT jets frompp interactionse+e− annihilations andvp interactions. The effect of subtracting the leading particles and the effect of lowpT diffractive and non diffractive components are investigated.

Approach to scaling in inclusive π+/π− ratios at 147 GeV/c

The ratio of hadronic π+/π− production has been studied in the target fragmentation region of π+p, π−p,K+p andp p collisions at 147 GeV/c beam momentum. The difference between this ratio in the π+p and π−p data is less than at lower energies but still present. No difference exists anymore for the π+/π− ratio at this energy betweenK+p andpp collisions. Exclusion of diffraction dissociation and resonance production does not change the main conclusions. The energy dependence of the ratio for π+p and π−p collisions gives evidence for a universal asymptotic ratio for all beams. Thept-dependence at low-pt is in agreement with the expectation from geometrical correlation of the valence quarks.