T. Mino

Activated Sludge Model No. 3

The Activated Sludge Model No. 3 (ASM3) can predict oxygen consumption, sludge production, nitrification and denitrification of activated sludge systems. It relates to the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) and corrects for some defects of ASM1. In addition to ASM1, ASM3 includes storage of organic substrates as a new process. The lysis (decay) process is exchanged for an endogenous respiration process. ASM3 is provided as a reference in a form which can be implemented in a computer code without further adjustments. Typical kinetic and stoichiometric parameters are provided for 10°C and 20°C together with the composition of a typical primary effluent in terms of the model components.

Activated Sludge Models ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3

This book has been produced to give a total overview of the Activated Sludge Model (ASM) family at the start of 2000 and to give the reader easy access to the different models in their original versions. It thus presents ASM1, ASM2, ASM2d and ASM3 together for the first time. Modelling of activated sludge processes has become a common part of the design and operation of wastewater treatment plants. Today models are being used in design, control, teaching and research. Contents This title belongs to Scientific and Technical Report Series ISBN: 9781900222242 (Print) ISBN: 9781780402369 (eBook)

Microbiology and biochemistry of the enhanced biological phosphate removal process

Abstract This paper reviews microbiological and biochemical aspects of the enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) process. The discussion includes: microorganisms responsible for EBPR, isolation of polyphosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs), microbial diversity of the EBPR sludge, biochemical metabolisms of PAOs, energy budget in PAOs metabolism, denitrification by PAOs, glycogen accumulating non-poly-P organisms (GAOs), etc. Since pure cultures which possess complete characteristics of PAOs have not been isolated yet, the biochemical mechanism cannot be definitively described. The criteria to obtain a pure culture isolate are proposed. Based on the review, essential characteristics of PAOs are summarized in a table and directions for future research are identified.

Activated Sludge Model No.2d, ASM2D

The Activated Sludge Model No. 2d (ASM2d) presents a model for biological phosphorus removal with simultaneous nitrification-denitrification in activated sludge systems. ASM2d is based on ASM2 and is expanded to include the denitrifying activity of the phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAOs). This extension of ASM2 allows for improved modeling of the processes, especially with respect to the dynamics of nitrate and phosphate.

Isolation, characterization of bacteriophages specific to Microlunatus phosphovorus and their application for rapid host detection

Aims:  To isolate and characterize lytic‐bacteriophages specific to Microlunatus phosphovorus, and prepare fluorescently labelled phages (FLPs) for the rapid detection of the host bacterium in activated sludge.

Rapid quantification of total viral DNA in the supernatants of activated sludge samples with the fluorescent dye PicoGreen

Aims:  To develop a rapid and simple method for quantifying viral DNA concentrations and determining viral quantities in activated sludge.

Acetate uptake by PHA-accumulating and non-PHA-accumulating organisms in activated sludge from an aerobic sequencing batch reactor fed with acetate

The present study was conducted to evaluate the specific acetate uptake rates of microorganisms with and without polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) accumulation. Activated sludge was aerobically incubated with 75 mgC L(-1) radiolabeled or non-labeled acetate, and acetate consumption and PHA accumulation were monitored. Microorganisms were quantified as follows: all microbial cells by DAPI staining, whole acetate utilizing organisms by microautoradiography, and PHA-accumulating organisms by staining with Nile blue A. The abundance of acetate-utilizing organisms without PHA accumulation was also calculated from the outcomes. The estimate of acetate utilized by PHAAOs included both the acetate converted to PHA and that used to supply reducing power and ATP. Acetate utilized by PHAAOs and non-PHAAOs were divided by their respective abundances to obtain their respective specific acetate uptake rates: PHAAOs ranged between 5.3 and 8.0 x 10(-10) mgC cell(-1) h(-1), and non-PHAAOs ranged between 2.8 and 4.2 x 10(-10) mgC cell(-1) h(-1).

A quantitative method for measuring the mass concentration of the filamentous bacterium Type 021N in activated sludge using fluorescence in situ hybridization

Aims: This study aimed to develop a quantitative method for measuring mass concentrations of Type 021N, a bacterium causing bulking in activated sludge.

Identification of predominant microbial populations in a non-phosphate removing anaerobic aerobic bioreactor fed with fermented products

Publisher Summary Activated sludge processes remove organic pollutants and nutrients from the wastewater stream. The sludge is sampled from an anaerobic–aerobic sequence batch reactor (A/O SBR) fed with a mixture of a fermented substrate of acetate, yeast extract, peptone, magnesium, potassium, and calcium. Predominant microbial populations are identified using 16S rDNA cloning analysis, and 34 different sequences are found among 161 clones screened. Cloning analysis reveals that microbial populations in the beta-subdivision of the Proteobacteria, Cytophagales division, and the alpha subdivision of the proteobacteria are the predominant ones. The abundance of major phylogenetic groups is further evaluated using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with group-specific rRNA probes. The bacteria of the beta-subdivision of the division proteobacteria are the most dominating ones and responsible for the substrate metabolism. FISH analysis further detects bacteria from alpha- and gamma-subdivisions, but not from Cytophagales and actinobacteria divisions.

Strategic approach for characterization of bacterial community in enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) process

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the process of enhanced biological phosphate removal (EBPR) from wastewater. The principle of EBPR was first found in 1970s. It presents three experimental approaches, which describe the strategies for the characterization of bacterial community in EBPR process: the measurement of acetoacetyl-CoA reductase activity, which indicates that the amount of the enzyme actually present is much higher than the amount that is needed to ensure the observed polyhydroxybutyrate synthesis rate; fluorescence in situ hybridization to characterize the bacterial community of activated sludge; and polymerase chain reaction, which demonstrates the diverse nature of the EBPR community. The EBPR process is characterized by the circulation of activated sludge through anaerobic and aerobic phases, coupled with the introduction of influent wastewater into the anaerobic phase. Such a configuration is called the anaerobic-aerobic activated sludge process. By this configuration, polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAOs) are ecologically selected and grow to dominance in the process. The chapter concludes that it is important to develop as many probes for PAOs and to apply them to as many EBPR sludge as possible with the metabolic characterization of the EBPR sludge tested.