T Ramakrishnan

Effect of three commercial mouth rinses on cultured human gingival fibroblast: An in vitro study

AIM To examine the effect of three commercial mouth rinses (Hexidine 0.2%, Listerine Cool Mint, Betadine 1%) upon cultured human gingival fibroblast proliferation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human gingival fibroblasts were cultured and incubated in Dulbeccos Minimum Eagles Medium containing Chlorhexidine, Listerine, Povidone-Iodine at varying concentrations (1%, 2%, 5%, 10%, 20% and 100% of the given solution) at 37 degrees C for 1, 5 and 15 min. Control cells received an equal volume of Dulbeccos Minimum Eagles Medium without adding mouth rinses, for similar duration of exposure at 37 degrees C. Following incubation the media were removed, cells were washed twice with medium, supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum, and fibroblasts in the test and control group were allowed to recover in the same media for 24 h. RESULTS In all the three groups, the proliferation inhibition was dependent on the concentration of solublized mouth rinses in the cell culture but independent of the duration of exposure to all three mouth rinses. The results showed that all three solutions were toxic to cultured human gingival fibroblasts, Chlorhexidine being the most cytotoxic. It was seen that at dilute concentrations (1% and 2% of given solutions) Listerine was more cytotoxic than Chlorhexidine and Povidone-Iodine. CONCLUSION These results suggest that Chlorhexidine, Listerine and Povidone-Iodine are capable of inducing a dose-dependent reduction in cellular proliferation of fibroblasts. The results presented are interesting, but to know the clinical significance, further studies are needed.

Genetic polymorphisms in periodontal diseases: An overview

Periodontitis is a multi-factorial disease; several risk and susceptibility factors are proposed in its natural history. Genetics is considered a susceptibility factor in relation to periodontitis. This article is a nonsystematic review of literature and focuses on the role of genetic polymorphisms in periodontal diseases.

Effect of a controlled release device containing minocycline microspheres on the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A comparative study

Introduction: Adjunctive therapy with locally delivered antimicrobials has resulted in improved clinical outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of locally administered minocycline microspheres (Arestin™) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 sites from 15 patients in the age group of 35-50 years, who had periodontal pockets measuring 5-8 mm and had been diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, were selected for the study. The selected groups were randomly assigned to either the control group (group A) or the treatment/test group (group B). Only scaling and root planing were done at the base line visit for the control sites followed by local application of Arestin™ (1 mg). Clinical parameters such as plaque index, gingival index, and gingival bleeding index were recorded at baseline, day 30, day 90, and day 180 in the selected sites of both the groups. Probing pocket depth also was recorded at baseline, day 90, and day 180 for both the groups. Results: A statistically significant reduction was observed in both groups. Group B showed better results than Group A and these differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: The results of this study clearly indicate that treatment with scaling and root planing plus minocycline microspheres (Arestin™) is more effective and safer than scaling and root planing alone in reducing the signs of chronic periodontitis.

An overview of frenal attachments

Frenal attachments are thin folds of mucous membrane with enclosed muscle fibers that attach the lips to the alveolar mucosa and underlying periosteum. Most often, during the oral examination of the patient the dentist gives very little importance to the frenum, for assessing its morpholology and attachment. However, it has been seen that an abnormal frenum can be an indicator of a syndrome. This paper highlights the different frenal attachments seen in association with various syndromic as well as non-syndromic conditions.

Subepithelial connective tissue grafts for the coverage of denuded root surfaces: a clinical report.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTG) in the coverage of denuded roots. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 16 sites with > or =2 mm of recession height were included in the study for treatment with SCTG. The clinical parameters, such as recession height, recession width, width of keratinized gingiva, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level were measured at the baseline, third month, and at the end of the study [sixth month]. The defects were treated with a coronally positioned pedicle graft combined with connective tissue graft. RESULTS Out of 16 sites treated with SCTG, 11 sites showed complete (100%) root coverage; the mean root coverage obtained was 87.5%. There was a statistically significant reduction in recession height, recession width, and probing pocket depth. There was also a statistically significant increase in the width of keratinized gingiva and also a gain in clinical attachment level. The postoperative results were both clinically and statistically significant ( P 0.05). CONCLUSION From this study, it may be concluded that SCTG is a safe and effective method for the coverage of denuded roots.

EFFICACY OF GBR USING COMPOSITE BONE GRAFT AND RESORBABLE COLLAGEN MEMBRANE IN SEIBERT'S CLASS I RIDGE DEFECTS- RADIOLOGICAL EVALUATION.

Abstract The purpose of the study was to radiologically evaluate the efficacy of Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR) using Composite Bone Graft (Autogenous Bone graft & Anorganic Bovine Bone graft (Bio-Oss)) along with Resorbable Collagen Membrane (BioMend Extend) in the augmentation of Seiberts class I ridge defects in maxilla. Bone width was evaluated using computed tomography at 0 day and at 180th day at 2mm, 4mm, and 6mm from the crest.There was a statistically significant increase in bone width between 0 day and 180th day at 2mm, 4mm and 6mm from the crest. The results of the study demonstrated an increase in bone width of Seiberts class I ridge defects in maxilla in the study patients.

Double laterally rotated bilayer flap operation for treatment of gingival recession: A report of two cases

Esthetic concerns of the patient have become an essential part of dentistry, especially Periodontics. Periodontal plastic surgery is a rapidly emerging field, which helps us to meet this criterion. Root coverage is being achieved by a variety of techniques namely pedicle grafts and free soft tissue grafts. This article highlights on 2 case reports in which a new pedicle graft technique has been used for root coverage.

Effect of a volatile smoke component (acrolein) on human gingival fibroblasts: An in vitro study.

Aim: Tobacco and some of its volatile and non-volatile components have been found to affect many types of cells including human gingival fibroblasts. The aim of this present study was to estimate the effect of acrolein, a volatile fraction of cigarette smoke on the attachment, proliferation and ultra structure of human gingival fibroblasts in culture. Materials and Methods: Human gingival fibroblasts strains obtained from healthy subjects aged 20-30 years, were grown to confluency and utilized between 3rd -6th passages. The cell cultures seeded in 96 well microtitration plates at a density of 45,000 cells/well were incubated with acrolein at concentrations of 10-4, 3×10-5 and 10-5 . Attachment ability was evaluated after three hours using Neubauer hemocytometer. For the proliferation assay cell cultures seeded at a density of 10,000 cells/well were incubated at concentrations of 10-4, 3×10-5, 10-5, 3×10-6, 10-6 and cell count determined after 5 days using a hemocytometer. Cell morphology was examined under phase contrast microscope. Results: Acrolein produced a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on human gingival fibroblasts with complete inhibition of attachment and proliferation at higher concentrations. Conclusion: This supports the hypothesis that cigarette smoke is a great risk factor in the development and progression of periodontal disease.