T. Scott Stroup

Association of Allelic Variation in Genes Mediating Aspects of Energy Homeostasis with Weight Gain during Administration of Antipsychotic Drugs (CATIE Study)

Antipsychotic drugs are widely used in treating schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and other psychiatric disorders. Many of these drugs, despite their therapeutic advantages, substantially increase body weight. We assessed the association of alleles of 31 genes implicated in body weight regulation with weight gain among patients being treated with specific antipsychotic medications in the clinical antipsychotic trials in intervention effectiveness study, we found that rs2237988 in Potassium Channel Inwardly Rectifying Subfamily J Member 11 (KCNJ11), rs13269119 in Solute carrier family 30 member 8 (SLC30A8), and rs9922047 in fat mass and obesity associated (FTO) were associated with percent weight gain. We also observed the significant interaction of rs11643744 by treatment effect on the weight gain.

Effectiveness of long-acting injectable antipsychotics: a clinical perspective

The personal and societal costs of schizophrenia spectrum disorders are immense. Affected individuals may experience positive, negative and mood symptoms; medical and substance use comorbidities; and cognitive impairment that significantly impair social and occupational functioning. Globally, schizophrenia is a leading cause of years lost to disability, with a particularly large burden among adolescents and young adults.1nnTreatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders aims at improved functioning and recovery across the lifespan, but symptom reduction and relapse prevention are important interim goals. Although antipsychotic medications reduce psychotic symptoms and greatly decrease the risk of relapse, their effectiveness in real-world practice is decreased by non-adherence.2 A meta-analysis of studies that used trained personnel to measure antipsychotic medication adherence found that not ‘regularly taking medications as prescribed’ is prevalent in an average of 41% of participants across 10 studies.3 Despite this high prevalence, providers are often unaware of this issue and generally overestimate medication adherence in their patients.4nnLong-acting injectable (LAI) formulations of antipsychotic medications were developed to improve adherence. The first LAIs, fluphenazine enanthate and decanoate, were introduced in 1966 in the context of large-scale deinstitutionalisation of patients with serious mental illnesses and the consequent need for effective community-based treatment. Numerous LAI antipsychotics have been developed and marketed in the meantime. Tablexa01 lists the LAI antipsychotic medications currently available in the USA and the UK.5 ,6nnView this table:nnTablexa01 nLong-acting antipsychotic injectable medications available in the USA and the UK5 ,6nnnnLAIs reduce the frequency at which a patient has to decide whether to take medication. Rather than deciding to take a medication once or twice daily, the patient must only decide to have an injection administered once or twice monthly. Pharmacokinetically, LAIs provide a more stable steady-state concentration of medication in the blood compared with daily oral …

Antipsychotic trials in schizophrenia : the CATIE project

List of contributors Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Study design and protocol development process T. Scott Stroup, Joseph P. McEvoy and Jeffrey A. Lieberman 2. Statistical considerations Sonia M. Davis, Gary G. Koch, Robert A. Rosenheck and Vicki G. Davis 3. Effectiveness and efficacy: staying on treatment and symptom reduction Joseph P. McEvoy, T. Scott Stroup and Jeffrey A. Lieberman 4. Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis Robert A. Rosenheck and Douglas L. Leslie 5. Psychosocial functioning in patients with chronic schizophrenia: findings from the NIMH CATIE study Marvin S. Swartz 6. Neurocognition Richard S. E. Keefe 7. Vocational outcomes Sandra G. Resnick and Robert A. Rosenheck 8. Family outcomes Deborah A. Perlick, Richard Kaczynski and Robert A. Rosenheck 9. Extrapyramidal side effects Stanley N. Caroff, Del D. Miller and Robert A. Rosenheck 10. Metabolic side effects and risk of cardiovascular disease Jonathan M. Meyer, Donald C. Goff and Joseph P. McEvoy 11. Substance use in persons with schizophrenia: incidence, baseline correlates, and effects on outcome Fred Reimherr, Marvin S. Swartz and John L. Olsen 12. Violence in schizophrenia: prevalence, correlates, and treatment effectiveness Jeffrey Swanson and Richard Van Dorn 13. Genetic investigations in the CATIE sample James J. Crowley and Patrick F. Sullivan 14. Human subjects considerations T. Scott Stroup and Paul Appelbaum 15. Population pharmacokinetics of antipsychotics Kristin L. Bigos, Robert R. Bies, Stephen R. Marder and Bruce G. Pollock 16. Implications for research design and study implementation T. Scott Stroup and Jeffrey A. Lieberman 17. Conclusion and implications for practice and policy Robert A. Rosenheck, T. Scott Stroup and Jeffrey A. Lieberman.

Antipsychotic Trials in Schizophrenia: List of contributors

List of contributors Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Study design and protocol development process T. Scott Stroup, Joseph P. McEvoy and Jeffrey A. Lieberman 2. Statistical considerations Sonia M. Davis, Gary G. Koch, Robert A. Rosenheck and Vicki G. Davis 3. Effectiveness and efficacy: staying on treatment and symptom reduction Joseph P. McEvoy, T. Scott Stroup and Jeffrey A. Lieberman 4. Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis Robert A. Rosenheck and Douglas L. Leslie 5. Psychosocial functioning in patients with chronic schizophrenia: findings from the NIMH CATIE study Marvin S. Swartz 6. Neurocognition Richard S. E. Keefe 7. Vocational outcomes Sandra G. Resnick and Robert A. Rosenheck 8. Family outcomes Deborah A. Perlick, Richard Kaczynski and Robert A. Rosenheck 9. Extrapyramidal side effects Stanley N. Caroff, Del D. Miller and Robert A. Rosenheck 10. Metabolic side effects and risk of cardiovascular disease Jonathan M. Meyer, Donald C. Goff and Joseph P. McEvoy 11. Substance use in persons with schizophrenia: incidence, baseline correlates, and effects on outcome Fred Reimherr, Marvin S. Swartz and John L. Olsen 12. Violence in schizophrenia: prevalence, correlates, and treatment effectiveness Jeffrey Swanson and Richard Van Dorn 13. Genetic investigations in the CATIE sample James J. Crowley and Patrick F. Sullivan 14. Human subjects considerations T. Scott Stroup and Paul Appelbaum 15. Population pharmacokinetics of antipsychotics Kristin L. Bigos, Robert R. Bies, Stephen R. Marder and Bruce G. Pollock 16. Implications for research design and study implementation T. Scott Stroup and Jeffrey A. Lieberman 17. Conclusion and implications for practice and policy Robert A. Rosenheck, T. Scott Stroup and Jeffrey A. Lieberman.

Antipsychotic Trials in Schizophrenia: Contents

List of contributors Acknowledgements Introduction 1. Study design and protocol development process T. Scott Stroup, Joseph P. McEvoy and Jeffrey A. Lieberman 2. Statistical considerations Sonia M. Davis, Gary G. Koch, Robert A. Rosenheck and Vicki G. Davis 3. Effectiveness and efficacy: staying on treatment and symptom reduction Joseph P. McEvoy, T. Scott Stroup and Jeffrey A. Lieberman 4. Cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis Robert A. Rosenheck and Douglas L. Leslie 5. Psychosocial functioning in patients with chronic schizophrenia: findings from the NIMH CATIE study Marvin S. Swartz 6. Neurocognition Richard S. E. Keefe 7. Vocational outcomes Sandra G. Resnick and Robert A. Rosenheck 8. Family outcomes Deborah A. Perlick, Richard Kaczynski and Robert A. Rosenheck 9. Extrapyramidal side effects Stanley N. Caroff, Del D. Miller and Robert A. Rosenheck 10. Metabolic side effects and risk of cardiovascular disease Jonathan M. Meyer, Donald C. Goff and Joseph P. McEvoy 11. Substance use in persons with schizophrenia: incidence, baseline correlates, and effects on outcome Fred Reimherr, Marvin S. Swartz and John L. Olsen 12. Violence in schizophrenia: prevalence, correlates, and treatment effectiveness Jeffrey Swanson and Richard Van Dorn 13. Genetic investigations in the CATIE sample James J. Crowley and Patrick F. Sullivan 14. Human subjects considerations T. Scott Stroup and Paul Appelbaum 15. Population pharmacokinetics of antipsychotics Kristin L. Bigos, Robert R. Bies, Stephen R. Marder and Bruce G. Pollock 16. Implications for research design and study implementation T. Scott Stroup and Jeffrey A. Lieberman 17. Conclusion and implications for practice and policy Robert A. Rosenheck, T. Scott Stroup and Jeffrey A. Lieberman.