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International Journal of Social Economics | 2005

Family Size, Economics and Child Gender Preference: A Case Study in the Nyeri District of Kenya

Tabitha Kiriti; Clement A. Tisdell

Kenyan women have more children, especially in rural areas, than in most developing nations. This is widely believed to be an impediment to Kenya’s economic development. Thus, factors influencing family size in the Kenyan context are important for its future. A brief review of economic theories of fertility leads to the conclusion that both economics and social/cultural factors must be considered simultaneously when examining factors that determine the number of children in a family. The need to do this is borne out in Kenya’s situation by utilising responses from a random sample of rural households in the Nyeri district of Kenya. Economic and social/cultural factors intertwine to influence family sizes in this district. After providing a summary of the main statistical results from the survey, we use multiple regression analysis to explore the influences of a woman’s age, level of education, whether she has outside employment, whether the family keeps livestock, whether she expresses a preference for more boys than girls, whether the family uses only family labour (including child labour) and the size of the farm, which is used as a proxy for family income. It was found that preference for male children has an important positive influence on family size in this district. Women were found to have greater preference for male children than their male counterparts possibly because of their fear of being disinherited if they do not produce an heir for their husbands. Preference for sons was also found in allocation of human capital resources at the household level in that the female respondents were found to have lower levels of education than their male counterparts. Various long-term policies are outlined that may help to reduce the number of offspring of women in Kenya.


International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology | 2003

Female Participation In Decision - Making In Agricultural Households In Kenya: Empirical Findings

Tabitha Kiriti; Clement A. Tisdell; Kartik C. Roy

Survey data for this paper were collected in a rural district in Kenya between December 2000 and January 2001. The main objective was to identify the factors determining female participation in household decision making. Our results suggest that bargaining models and resource theory cannot be applied in a society where customarily determined sex and social stratification systems place males higher than females and determine that only men make major decisions. Our results support the hypothesis that cultural theory is more significant than bargaining models or resource theories in determining womens participation in decision making in rural Kenya.


Archive | 2002

Commercialisation of Agriculture in Kenya: Case Study of Urban Bias on Food Availability in Farm Households

Tabitha Kiriti; Clement A. Tisdell

This study investigates the effect of cash cropping on food availability and examines the determinants of the proportion of income allocated for food expenditures in the Nyeri district in Kenya. Using a Tobit model, the results suggest that in general food expenditure allocations suffer due to cash cropping in Kenya as the lump-sum income flows from this may be used for purchases other than food. Food expenditure also suffers when remittances are irregular. On the other hand, earnings from outside employment for married women living with husbands are positively associated with food expenditure allocations. Amounts of non-cash food output as well as ownership of livestock are negatively associated with food expenditure allocations. These findings indicate that lump sum income may not lead to improved welfare of women and children. Thus, there may be social reasons for increasing non-cash food production especially by women, instead of over emphasising cash cropping as now seems to be so in public policy.


Archive | 2002

Gender, Marital Status, Farm Size and Other Factors Influencing the Extent of Cash Cropping in Kenya: A Case Study

Tabitha Kiriti; Clement A. Tisdell

This article examines the effects of commercialisation of agriculture on land use and work patterns by means of a case study in the Nyeri district in Kenya. The study uses cross sectional data collected from small-scale farmers in this district. We find that good quality land is allocated to non-food cash crops, which may lead to a reduction in non-cash food crops and expose some households to greater risks of possible famine. Also the proportion of land allocated to food crops declines as the farm size increases while the proportion of land allocated to non-food cash crops rises as the size of farm increases. Cash crops are also not bringing in as much revenue commensurate with the amount of land allocated to them. With growing commercialisation, women still work more hours than men. They not only work on non-cash food crops but also on cash crops including non-food cash crops. Evidence indicates that women living with husbands work longer hours than those married but living alone, and also longer than the unmarried women. Married women seem to lose their decision-making ability with growth of commercialisation, as husbands make most decisions to do with cash crops. Furthermore husbands appropriate family cash income. Husbands are less likely to use such income for the welfare of the family compared to wives due to different expenditure patterns. Married women in Kenya also have little or no power to change the way land is allocated between food and non-food cash crops. Due to deteriorating terms of trade for non-food cash crops, men have started cultivation of food cash crops with the potential of crowding out women. It is found that both the area of non-cash crops tends to rise with farm size but also the proportion of the farm area cash cropped rises in Central Kenya.


Archive | 2003

Commercialisation of agriculture in Kenya: Case study of policy bias and food purchases by farm households

Tabitha Kiriti; Clement A. Tisdell


Indian Journal of Social and Economic Policy | 2003

Gender Inequality, Poverty and Human Development in Kenya: Main Indicators, Trends and Limitations

Tabitha Kiriti; Clement A. Tisdell


Institutions, Globalisation and Empowerment | 2006

Institutional Deterrents to the Empowerment of Women: Kenya’s Experience

Tabitha Kiriti; Clement A. Tisdell; Kartik C. Roy


Journal of Food Agriculture & Environment | 2004

Commercial agriculture, marital status and other influences on food availability: A Kenyan case study

Tabitha Kiriti; Clem Tisdell


Quarterly Journal of International Agriculture | 2003

Commercialisation of Agriculture in Kenya

Tabitha Kiriti; Clement A. Tisdell


Archive | 2001

Migration of Husbands, Remittances and Agricultural Production: Impacts when Wives Head Households in Rural Kenya

Tabitha Kiriti; Clement A. Tisdell

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Kartik C. Roy

University of Queensland

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