Tadeusz Krupa

Decision-Making in Flat and Hierarchical Decision Problems

Abstract The article is dedicated to the modelling of the essence of decision-taking processes in flat and hierarchical decision problems. In flat decision problems particular attention is drawn to the effectiveness of strategies in seeking decision variants on solution decomposition trees, taking into account the strength of their predefined contradictions. For hierarchical decision processes, the issue of iterative balancing of global (hierarchical) decisions is expressed, based on the valuation of the significance of flat decisions.

The Prisms of Management

Abstract This article makes a contribution to the ongoing paradigmatic debate concerning management science, aiming to define more precisely its constructs. At present, within this field there is a lack of definition, of a universally accepted way of seeing reality, which results in a clear deficit in pedagogical identity. Our proposal for a new paradigm is based on three descriptors or constructs (prisms): organization, knowledge, and safety (OKS); in this model, the leading role is played by human. The “organization” prism, in the classic sense, concerns the organization with an emphasis on the implementation of the personalistic vision of human. The “knowledge” prism includes the technical, social, and economic aspects of the collection, processing, and use of knowledge. The “security” prism is an aspect related to the identification and prevention of crises and threats to the functioning of the OKS triad as a whole.

Modeling of Polish Enterprises Insolvency Processes with the Use of Gorbatov Characterization Principle - Research Results

Modeling of Polish Enterprises Insolvency Processes with the Use of Gorbatov Characterization Principle - Research Results Economical activities of enterprises should be based on such managerial decisions that assure quick and effective adjustment of the company to the changes that appear in the market. Enterprises, which are not able to use their opportunities and avoid threats, are bound to face the thread of insolvency. Effects of the insolvency are felt not only by the enterprise, but also by its creditors. Therefore, it is necessary to elaborate a warning system that will beforehand allow diagnosing the condition of the enterprise and setting necessary directions for the company to avoid insolvency. The article presents research results on the use of characterization theory in the creation of insolvency threat evaluation model based on Polish enterprises.

Forecasting the Effects of Investments in Knowledge-Workers in the SME Sector, Using the GMDH Method

Forecasting the Effects of Investments in Knowledge-Workers in the SME Sector, Using the GMDH Method The enterprises functioning in market economy have to implement changes in systems of organization and management that they use. In economy practice making a decision in enterprise is conditioned by competitors action, changing factors of environments, e.g. technical progress and results of the research works. Added value for SME can be determine as knowledge, employees skills and abilities, social relation, know-how, and particularly effective investing in intellectual capital. The enterprises which invest in knowledge and systems of work are achieved competitive advantage, because of their workers readiness to learning and qualifying themselves and also thanks to effective information and communication transfers. In this paper we allowed to respond to the following question: whether a given algorithm that enables the characteristics of the knowledge-workers and the expected results of expenditures on the intellectual capital (potential benefits from investing in the knowledge-workers) binding? This paper presents prediction effects of investments in knowledge-workers in the SME sector when using the neural systems GMDH basing on the Ivachnienko algorithm.

Determinants of Critical Infrastructure Resources

Abstract This article is devoted to the issue of how resources are interpreted in the form of technology reactors that, as a result of unexpected circumstances, turn into pyramidal or avalanche threat dynamics. Counteracting such catastrophic, terrorist, or war situations cannot begin in the face of mass casualties or significant material losses that will require reconstruction and the work of many generations. The decisive factor is the correct long-term operation and management of the economy. The starting point of this article is the concept of resource and structural-functional relationships of resources and all their possible interpretations consistent with the functionalities they play in the human environment, human aggregates, and whole nations. The aim is to draw the readers attention to the importance (semiotics) of qualitative specifications and dynamically changing determinants contained in the material and structural-functional properties of the resources and their channel (information) communication.

V.A. Gorbatov Theory of Characterization - Principles and Examples

Abstract Characterization theory was developed in the 1970s by a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a prominent cybernetics V.A. Gorbatov, and became the nucleus of an international school. Many of today’s academy graduates make a new generation of scholars, more than 150 doctors and assistant professors, developing a new descriptive theory of cybernetic complex systems, based on the canon of the so-called characterization principle, binding the sets of y¥a functioning models and x¥bstructure models using the paradigm of monotone mappings of the considered system. This article presents an overview of the following problems: (1) the issues of functional-structural connection systems from the point of view of their design correctness; (2) the basic postulates of the characterization principle; (3) the nature of interaction between system objects; (4 and 5) mechanisms and functions for initiation of the operation; (6) the mechanisms of control and reaction functions; (7 and 8) the analytical form of initiation function and a network initialization function and (9) the axiom of extensionality (J), feasibility (R) and compatibility (Z).

The Management Method Preventing a Crisis Situation in an Electrical Energy Utility

The Management Method Preventing a Crisis Situation in an Electrical Energy Utility The trend observed in the past few years, aiming at raising the level of energy safety both in Poland and in the world, has changed irreversibly the management specificity in the electrical energy industry. Traditional methods of management in this sector began to be insufficient in relation to the present quickly changing reality. The article presents a concept of the management method preventing a crisis situation in an electrical energy utility - a baseload power plant for the risks: a power unit overloading resulting in its disorderly close-down, a lack of technical-economic data transmission and a modification of business data.

Events and Event Processes

Events and Event Processes Presented article describes the issues known from the logical structures characterization theory [2] used in this case to describe the events designed for the needs of proper functioning of organizational structures. Necessary formalization is used strictly for the maintenance of the concept discipline. Event theory [5] is used in the designing of complex structures of organizational systems for which the basic necessity is its compliance with the set functional description. Final organizations characteristics are determined by many factors, such as: a) completeness and non-contradiction of the functional specification b) theoretical correctness of the functional transformation of the organization into the design of its organizational structure c) correctness of the technical project realization.

The Multicriteria Selection Methodology of the Decision Support System

The Multicriteria Selection Methodology of the Decision Support System An issue of building a tool orientated to the support of selection process of decision support system (DSS) for the sector of small and medium enterprises is presented in the article. A group method of data handling (GMDH) whose application allows to objectives a search process of required DSS, with assumed costs and other existing resource limitations, is proposed for this purpose. The article is devoted to a problem of GMDH adjustment to solving the tasks related to the selection of a required system from among the information systems of DSS class, according to the criteria determined by a future user of this system. The GMDH takes into account among other things such assumptions as: a precise description of dependences between input and output data in a specified time horizon, independence of the users knowledge (the values of observed data from the past registered in the base are the input data) and minimization of modelling errors (the selection of solutions takes place by means of a selected evaluation rule of quality estimation).

The Multicriteria Assessment Methodology of the Decision Support System Implementation Effectiveness

The Multicriteria Assessment Methodology of the Decision Support System Implementation Effectiveness The multi-criteria assessment methodology of implementation effectiveness of information systems illustrated by an example of decision support system (DSS) realized in w information technologies is presented in the article. The assessment of DSS under consideration takes place using the knowledge recorded in the form of fuzzy neural network, collected in an enterprise, on the basis of earlier realized implementations of other information systems. A model of retrieved DSS is expressed by means of a set of functionalities serving business processes of the enterprise under consideration. A model of implementation undertaking determined by means of a set of preparatory actions for the implementation and a set of directly implementation and exploitation actions is built for the retrieved DSS as well. Furthermore, a vector determining a current and planned implementation state of a set of DSS functionalities in the enterprise at time moments, before and after the commencement of planned implementation of the retrieved DSS is built. A concept of trapezoidal fuzzy numbers is used in building DSS models. An adjustment of fuzzy parameters of DSS models takes place by means of geometrical method of maximum absolute error points. A presented methodology enables to execute a multi-criteria effectiveness assessment of planned undertaking in relation to subjective criteria established by the enterprise (preferred time, cost and values of priority indexes). Additionally, the knowledge collected on the basis of earlier realized implementations of information systems and applied imprecise description of parameters taking into account errors made in their estimation in the past is used.