Tadeusz Kuczyński

Ammonia Abatement with Manure Storage and Processing Techniques

In this chapter we examine techniques for reducing NH3 emissions from stored manure, including: covers, storage design, and manure processing. Most techniques are for liquid manure stores, whereas there are few methods for solid manures and more research is needed. The cost effectiveness for reducing NH3 emissions by each technique was estimated using installation and operating cost data from several sources and published data on baseline emissions and emission reductions of the techniques. A key uncertainty in these cost-efficacy estimates is the baseline emission used to calculate the quantity of N conserved. It is therefore important to obtain regional baseline emission factors (consistent with national emission inventories) to ensure accurate cost estimates.

Comparative Calculation of Heat Exchange with the Ground in Residential Building Including Periodes of Heat Waves

Abstract The paper provides verification of 3D transient ground-coupled model to calculation of heat exchange between ground and typical one-storey, passive residential building. The model was performed with computer software WUFI®plus and carried out to estimate the indoor air temperatures during extending hot weather periods. For verifying the results of calculations performed by the WUFI®plus software, the most recent version of EnergyPlus software version was used. Comparison analysis of calculation results obtained with the two above mentioned calculation method was made for two scenarios of slab on ground constructions: without thermal insulation and with thermal insulation under the whole slab area. Comprehensive statistical analysis was done including time series analysis and descriptive statistics parameters.

Effect of Litter Material on its Conditions, Animal Health and Ammonia Emission at Turkey Housing

Due to differences in water adsorption capacity, the rate of their further release as well as the ongoing biochemical processes. litter material may affect its physical properties and structure Due to the same factors and additionally NH3 adsorption and release rate ammonia emission may be also affected by various types of litter used. Whereas, there has been quite a lot of research on physical properties of litter in chicken housing, much less scientific data on this topic is available for turkey production. There is very few research data on ammonia emission for both chicken and turkey buildings. In growing/finishing turkey barns birds remain much longer than at broiler houses. As a result, the biochemical processes taking place in the litter are significantly different and this in turn may affect litter moisture its physical structure as well as ammonia volatilization rate. The research was carried out in two identical barns, for three successive flocks, with three types of litter involved. Birds remained in the barns for three consecutive stages (from brooding, through growing, until finishing). For the first, Summer – Autumn flock, long rye straw versus softwood shavings litters were compared. For the Winter – Spring flock long rye straw and the same straw chopped to 5 – 8 cm pieces were investigated and finally for the Spring - Summer flock chopped straw and softwood shavings litter were tested. The research did not show any significant effect of litter type on total ammonia emission in turkey house. At the same time research shown statistically significant difference between ammonia emission level for the analyzed litter materials when it was considered in context of time passed from the beginning of birds housing. The ammonia emission at the end of week 5th (the end of typical broiler housing period) corresponded well to ammonia emission obtained for broiler houses in other investigations. For long straw litter ammonia emission reached its maximum in week 6 – 7; for chopped straw and wood shavings maximum ammonia emission took place approximately at week 10.There was significant seasonal effect on ammonia emission from long straw litter. There was much lower seasonal effect on ammonia emission for remaining types of litter. There were more frequent and more severe incidences of litter caking at long straw than when chopped straw or wood shavings were used. As a result there was significantly higher incidence and severity of foot lesions for long straw than two remaining types of litter. Long straw caused birds to suffer, considerably affected their health, welfare and production results. Obtained results seem to have particular significance in countries like Poland where long straw is the most commonly litter type used in poultry buildings. The results of the research show that using long straw as a litter for turkey should be limited for their negative effect on health, welfare and production performance.

The Theoretical Analysis of Mass and Energy Flow Through Solar Collector – Chimney System

Abstract The goal of the paper was to simplify the designing process for mass and energy flow through solar collector - chimney system. Theoretical analysis allowed to get involved system of three nonlinear analytical equations in dimensionless forms that have been saved. Dimensionless numbers for the problem are well known in the literature on fluid mechanics and thermodynamics: Reynolds, Grashof, Galileo, Biot and Prandtl. In the analyzed equations are also dimensionless geometric parameters expressing the ratios of basic geometrical dimensions of the collector system-chimney: the radius disc collector to the thickness gap, the height and radius of the chimney. In the system of equations, the Reynolds number is treated as the determined number, which is a novelty of the method used.

Effect of Extending Hot Weather Periods on Approach to Floor Construction in Moderate Climate Residential Buildings / Wpływ Przedłużających Się Okresów Występowania Wysokich Temperatur Letnich Na Podejście Do Projektowania Podłogi Na Gruncie w Budynkach Mieszkalnych w Krajach Klimatu Umiarkowanego

Abstract The effects of changes in Global climate on the prolonging time and the frequency of the periods of very high outside air temperature at summer were shown in the paper with particular emphasis on European moderate climate countries. In these countries, residential buildings, are usually equipped neither in air conditioning equipment, nor in ordinary window blinds. As the most promising solution it is suggested to resign completely or partially from ground slab thermal insulation, directly utilizing ground heat storage capacity. The paper includes detailed simulations on potential effect of various kind of floor construction and actions preventing high indoor air temperatures in building approach on air temperature inside the one-storey, passive residential buildings during consecutive days of very high outdoor temperature and total energy used yearly for additional heating and air conditioning.

Energy-Efficient Shaping of Contemporary Buildings and Their Surroundings as an Essential Element of Modernization of Built-Up Areas

Abstract A comprehensive design of a building along with the development of a surrounding land may counterbalance the tendency of housing estates comprising houses built on the basis of “ready-made projects” - which have no references to the existing urban tissue and which do not create a new one. In the first place, the energy intensity of buildings using the so-called passive methods should be lowered, and only then active systems should be applied, considering economic balance. The problem should be considered from two different perspectives i.e. for intensively and for less urbanised areas. The article results in the formulation of guidelines for energy-efficient modernization of contemporary buildings and their surroundings.