Tadeusz Siwiec

Impact of microwave radiation on the process of aerobic digestion of sewage sludge

Abstract The process of aerobic stabilization of sludge is a process used in small or medium sewage treatment plants (up to 15 000 ENI). Owing to its energy intensity resulting from the need for intensive sedimentation and longterm process, many researches are being conducted on its intensification. One such method is disintegration. The purpose of disintegration is to increase the susceptibility of sewage sludge to aerobic decomposition by breaking up sediment flocs into fine particles along with the breakdown of cell membranes and then allowing biodegradation. The paper presents results of research of aerobic stabilized sludge, which is a mixture of non-disintegrated and microwave disintegrated sludge in different volume proportions. It was shown that sludge stabilized more quickly during the first days of the process. The minimum reduction of organic solids required at 38% for stabilized sludge occure earlier in mixed sludge tests than in non-disintegrated sludge.

REMOVING AGGRESSIVE CARBON DIOXIDE FROM WATER USING MELAPHYRE BED

The experiment was based on filtration of the highly aggressive water through the melaphyre bed. The quartz bed was non-reactive reference material. The aim of this work was to determine the ability of the melaphyre to remove aggressive CO2 during the chemical reaction. It was noted that a decrease of acidity of the filtrate in comparison to the feed and an increase of its alkalinity and pH. It was calculated that until the moment of exhaustion of the de-acidifying properties of the melaphyre, maximum amount of bound CO2 added to the water was 29.7 g CO2/L of the bed, and maximum amount of the aggressive CO2 removed from the water was 33.3 g CO2/L of the bed. Regarding very high content of the aggressive CO2 (116 mg/L average) in the feed only 28.76% of this component was subject to transformation into bound and affiliated CO2 in the filtrate. For the melaphyre bed the CO2 loss from the experiment system following from desorption was 7.80% of the total load of CO2 added with the feed. On the quartz bed the loss was slightly lower 4.56%.

Applying the coagulation and reverse osmosis for water recovery from evaporative water

Abstract Applying the coagulation and reverse osmosis for water recovery from evaporative water. Evaporative water from the concentration of yeast slurry is a potential raw material for water recovery. It is characterized by low pH (4.6-6.3), increased turbidity (3.65-13.7 NTU), and high content of total organic carbon (356-754 mg/L). Its treatment in the volume coagulation process using NaOH and coagulant PIX 111, was studied. Water turbidity was lowered to a value below 1 NTU, but coagulation did not allow for the removal of organic compounds. Coagulation was effective at temperatures of 20 and 40°C. Pretreatment of the feed water for RO included alkalization, coagulation, sedimentation, and 5 μm fine filtration (variant I), as well as single 5 μm fine filtration (variant II as a blank). In variant I the feed with improved properties was achieved. Membrane filtration allowed for effective desalination of evaporative water, 98 and 73% conductivity retention was obtained, depending on the method of the feed pre-treatment. The organic compounds were removed less efficiently, at 94 and 84%, respectively. Streszczenie Zastosowanie koagulacji i odwróconej osmozy do odzysku wody z wód wyparnych. Wody wyparne z zatężania gęstwy drożdżowej stanowią potencjalny surowiec do odzysku wody. Charakteryzują się niskim odczynem (pH 4.6-6.3), podwyższoną mętnością (3.65-13.7 NTU) i dużą zawartością ogólnego węgla organicznego (356-754 mg/L). Badano ich oczyszczanie w procesie koagulacji objętościowej, stosując NaOH oraz koagulant PIX 111. Obniżono mętność wody do wartości poniżej 1 NTU, jednak koagulacja nie pozwalała na usunięcie związków organicznych. Koagulacja przebiegała efektywnie w 20 i 40°C. Oczyszczanie wstępne nadawy do RO obejmowało alkalizację, koagulację, sedymentację i filtrację dokładną (wariant I) oraz filtrację dokładną (wariant II jako blank). W wariancie I otrzymano nadawę o lepszych właściwościach. Filtracja membranowa pozwoliła na skuteczne odsolenie wód wyparnych, uzyskano 98 i 73% retencję przewodności w zależności od sposobu przygotowania nadawy. Związki organiczne były usuwane z mniejszą efektywnością, odpowiednio 94 i 84%.