Tadeusz Zatwarnicki

A Revised Phylogeny of Discocerinini (Diptera: Ephydridae) with an Emphasis on Structures of the Proboscis

Abstract. Supplementary diagnostic characters of genera in the tribe Discocerinini are suggested. A new genus Aquachasma Zatwarnicki, type species: Discocerina leucoprocta Loew, 1861 is described with 24 new combinations of all included species. Genus Polytrichophora is divided into the nominate subgenus and a new subgenus Sklodowskopa Zatwarnicki, type species: Clasiopa duplosetosa Becker, 1896. Genus Orasiopa is divided into the nominate subgenus and a new subgenus Reymontopa Zatwarnicki, type species: Discocerina mera Cresson, 1939. The shape of the proboscis of all genera of Discocerinini is provided, including variability of cibarium and pseudotracheae. The ventral receptacles of 6 genera (Aquachasma, Facitrichophora, Galaterina, Hydrochasma, Lamproclasiopa, and Pectinifer) are illustrated for the first time. Additional support for generic status for recently established taxa (Orasiopa, Lamproclasiopa, Galaterina, and Facitrichophora) is documented. The revised relationship among Discocerinini genera based mostly on proboscal characters is proposed. Four groups are distinguished — 1) Gymnoclasiopa group with nominate genus, 2) Diclasiopa group with Diclasiopa, Ditrichophora, Hecamedoides and Pectinifer, 3) Lamproclasiopa group with Galaterina, Lamproclasiopa, Orasiopa (subgenera Reymontopa and Orasiopa) and 4) Discocerina group with Aquachasma, Discocerina, Facitrichophora, Hydrochasma, and Polytrichophora (subgenera Polytrichophora and Sklodowskopa).

Heterogeneity in shore flies – the case of Glenanthe Haliday (Diptera: Ephydridae) in the Old World

Abstract Old World species of the genus Glenanthe are treated comprehensively with an emphasis on the unusually diverse morphological heterogeneity discovered in structures of the male terminalia. As perspective for this treatment, the tribe Lipochaetini, in which Glenanthe is placed, is characterized and discussed, and an annotated key to the four included genera is provided to facilitate their identification. Glenanthe is demonstrated to be a monophyletic lineage within Lipochaetini. Seven Old World species of Glenanthe are now known, including two new Afrotropical species as follows (type locality in parenthesis): G. namibia n. sp. (Namibia. Mukwe: Divuju: Okavango River [18°04’04”S, 21°28’51”E] and G. danielssoni n. sp. (Republic of South Africa. Cape Province: De Hoop Nature Reserve [34°27’S, 28°25’E]. The identity of G. fuscinervis Becker, revised status (raised from synonymy with G. ripicola (Haliday)), is clarified, and found to be conspecific with Hydrina ochracea Oldenberg, which is recognized as a junior synonym. Papp’s synonymy of Glenanthe fasciventris Becker with Hydrellia (Glenanthe) ripicola Haliday is confirmed, and herein we relegate G. iranica Canzoneri & Rampini also as junior synonym of G. ripicola. The remarkable diverse structures of the male terminalia of all included species are described and illustrated and distribution maps are also provided.

New Species and Taxonomic Clarifications for Shore Flies from the Delmarva States (Diptera: Ephydridae)

Abstract New species of shore flies (Diptera: Ephydridae) from the Delmarva States are described, and taxonomic clarifications are made. The six new species are (type locality in parentheses): Discocerina delmarva (Virginia. Stafford: Aquia Harbour, Lions Park), Hydrochasma aquia (Virginia. Stafford: Aquia Harbour, Lions Park), Hydrochasma avanae (Utah. Grand: Swasey Beach (N Green River; shore of Green River; 1255 m), Hydrochasma garvinorum (Virginia. Rappahannock: Hazel River (NW Culpeper; 171 m)), Allotrichoma deonieri (Virginia. Spotsylvania: Rappahannock River), and Hydrellia toma (Virginia. Fairfax: Great Falls (Clay Pond)). The taxonomic changes are as follows: Psilopa obscuripes Loew is the correct name for “P. compta” of New World authors, nec Meigen; Discocerina parva Loew is confirmed as a junior synonym of Discocerina obscurella (Fallén), and the identification of the latter species is clarified with detailed illustrations and description of structures of the male terminalia.

Discovery of the South American Rice Miner (Diptera: Ephydridae) in Southeastern United States

Abstract The South American rice miner, Hydrellia wirthi Korytkowski (Diptera: Ephydridae), a recently discovered, invasive pest of rice, Oryza sativa L., is reported from southeastern United States (Louisiana and Texas). A detailed description and diagnosis with illustrations and photographs are provided to facilitate identification, along with descriptions of its damage as a miner in rice whorls, stems, and leaves. The localities where this invasive species has been found in Louisiana and Texas are provided.

Revision of New World Species of Shore Fly Genus Discomyza Meigen (Diptera: Ephydridae)

Abstract Two species of Discomyza Meigen occur in the New World, one, D. u-signata Cresson, naturally and the other, D. maculipennis (Wiedemann), apparently as an introduction. These species are revised and their malacophagous breeding habits are documented. The species treatments include the first detailed descriptions and illustrations of structures from the male terminalia, lectotype designations for Notiphila maculipennis Wiedemann and its New World synonym (D. balioptera Loew), as well as phylogenetic and biogeographic information, including maps. Although congeners, these two species are apparently not closely related, and their occurrence in the New World is independent of each other. D. maculipennis has a biogeographic connection with the Orient, and D. u-signata is linked with a group of Afrotropical species, D. eritrea Cresson specifically.

Checklist of the family Ephydridae of Finland (Insecta, Diptera)

Abstract A checklist of 112 species of shore flies (Ephydridae, Diptera) recorded from Finland is presented. Comparing this to the list of Hackman (1980), 52 changes are made: 25 species are added (all but one recorded after 1980), 18 misidentifications are deleted, 5 junior synonyms are replaced and 5 updated generic combinations are given.

A Revision of the nivea Group of the Shore-Fly Genus Ditrichophora Cresson (Diptera: Ephydridae)

ABSTRACT Species of the nivea group (genus Ditrichophora Cresson) are revised. The group now includes four species of which one, D. gulkana (Alaska and Mongolia), is newly described. The group is now known to have a Holarctic distribution with two species, D. gulkana and D. nivea, being the first reported from the Nearctic Region. Another Asian species, D. brunnicosa, previously placed in Diclasiopa, is transferred to this group (genus Ditrichophora) and is also reported from Mongolia. To facilitate identification of these rare species, we have included diagnoses of the tribe, genus, and species group and have also provided an annotated key to Holarctic genera of the tribe Discocerinini and to species of the nivea group within Ditrichophora. We also provide the first illustrations of male terminalia for all included species.

A Revision of the Nearctic Species of Hecamedoides Hendel (Diptera: Ephydridae)

Abstract Species of the shore-fly genus Hecamedoides Hendel from the Nearctic Region are revised, including description of H. lattini, new species (Virginia. Stafford: Falmouth (38°19.2′N, 77°28.1′W; Rappahannock River; 9 m). To provide context and also to facilitate identification, diagnoses are provided for the tribe Discocerinini and genus in addition to a key to the genera and species, H. lattini and H. unispinosus, occurring in the New World. Diagnostic characters, especially of the male terminalia, are illustrated, and distribution maps are also provided.

Systematic Position of Gastropini (Diptera: Ephydridae), and a Review of Two Included Genera: Gastrops Williston and Notacanthina Macquart

Abstract. The placement of the tribe Gastropini within the subfamily Gymnomyzinae, with the tribe Gymnomyzini as a sister-group, is supported. Validity for two genera Gastrops Williston and Notacanthina Macquart (senior synonym of Beckeriella Williston) is maintained. Particular characters of their proboscis, ventral receptacle and the male terminalia are presented. A key to species and habitus photographs of selected species of Gastrops and Notacanthina are provided. The following new combinations are proposed: Notacanthina clypeata (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1986), comb. nov., N. fasciata (Mathis & Grimaldi, 2000), comb. nov., N. filipina (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1994), comb. nov., N. gigas (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1986), comb. nov., N. longiventris (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1990), comb. nov., N. maculata (Mathis & Grimaldi, 2000), comb. nov., N. magnicornis (Cresson, 1934), comb. nov., N. paragigas (Lizarralde de Grosso 1991a), comb. nov., N. parapendicornis (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1992), comb. nov., N. pendicornis (Cresson, 1934), comb. nov., N. pseudoclypeata (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1991), comb. nov., N. schildi (Cresson, 1934), comb. nov., N. wirthi (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1998), comb. nov. N. brasiliensis (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1998) is treated as an invalid name of N. wirthi (Lizarralde de Grosso, 1998).

Notes on Shore Flies (Diptera: Ephydridae) from Finland and north-western Russia

Abstract The recent checklist of the Ephydridae of Finland by Zatwarnicki and Kahanpää (2014) mentioned 13 ephydrid species as new for Finland without further details. This paper presents detailed records for those species and a few other species of interest. Four species are recorded for the first time from Russia. Trimerina indistincta Krivosheina, 2004 is herein considered as a new junior synonym of Trimerina microchaeta Hendel, 1932, syn. nov.