Taeko Okuno

Localization, Frequency, and Severity of Endolymphatic Hydrops and the Pathology of the Labyrinthine Membrane in Meniere's Disease

The localization, frequency, and severity of endolymphatic hydrops in 22 temporal bones of 16 individuals with Menieres disease were studied histopathologically. Endolymphatic hydrops was more often observed in the pars inferior (22/22) than in the pars superior (13/22) of the temporal bone, and severe hydrops was observed most frequently in the saccule, followed by the cochlea, the utricle, and the three semicircular canals. In the cochlea, the most severe hydrops was observed in the apical turn, followed by the hook portion, the middle turn, and the basal turn. Clinically interesting observations regarding endolymphatic hydrops included bulging into the perilymphatic space of the vestibule. In 17 of 22 bones the saccular membrane bulged into the vestibule laterally and was attached to the footplate of the stapes. In two of 22 bones, Reissners membrane in the hook portion of the basal turn of the cochlea bulged superiorly into the vestibule, occupying most of the perilymphatic space of the vestibule.

Congenital Cholesteatoma: Posterior Lesions and the Staging System

Objectives We described the characteristics of congenital cholesteatoma in Japanese patients and assessed whether the staging system is useful for predicting the rate of residual disease, the need for reexploration, and surgical outcomes. Methods We performed a retrospective chart analysis of 23 consecutive patients with congenital cholesteatoma. Results The proportion of cases with anterior-superior quadrant involvement was significantly lower in the Asian group than in Western patients. The total residual rate was 26%, and there was a positive association between stage and residual rate, ranging from 0% in stage I and II to 44% in stage IV. Canal wall–up tympanomastoidectomy was the most frequent procedure (57%), and 61% had reexploration. Conclusions Congenital cholesteatoma in Asia is less likely to involve the anterior-superior quadrant than in Western patients. The 4-stage system was useful for predicting residual rates, even in patients in whom anterior-superior quadrant involvement was less common. Postoperative hearing was significantly related to the stages. A routine second-look procedure may be unnecessary in the early stages, whereas reexploration would be better performed in advanced stages. Endoscopy might reduce residual disease and the need for reexploration in the near future.

Retropharyngeal hematoma from parathyroid hemorrhage in a hemodialysis patient

A case of a spontaneous retropharyngeal hematoma in a patient on chronic hemodialysis is described. A 75-year-old man presented with a 5-day history of throat discomfort and neck swelling. He had been on hemodialysis for chronic renal failure with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Examination showed a massively enlarged neck and bruising on his left neck and anterior chest. Flexible nasopharyngoscopy revealed bluish bulging of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and CT showed widening of prevertebral soft tissue. Hemodialysis reduced the swelling of the posterior pharyngeal wall, and conservative management including steroids and antibiotics was adequate for managing the airway and hematoma. Retropharyngeal swelling of this patient seemed to be derived not only from the hematoma itself, but also from the lymphatic and venous congestion. Follow-up CT and MRI indicated that the enlarged left parathyroid was the bleeding source. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second report of a retropharyngeal hematoma from parathyroid hyperplasia in a chronic hemodialysis patient. Physicians should be aware that rare parathyroid hemorrhage in chronic hemodialysis patients could lead to airway obstruction by retropharyngeal swelling.

Practicality analysis of the staging system proposed by the Japan Otological Society for acquired middle ear cholesteatoma: A multicenter study of 446 surgical cases in Japan

OBJECTIVE The Objective of this study was to assess the practicality of the cholesteatoma staging system proposed by the Japan Otological Society (JOS) for acquired middle ear cholesteatoma (the 2010 JOS staging system). METHODS Between 2009 and 2010, 446 ears with retraction pocket cholesteatoma underwent primary surgery at 6 institutions in Japan. The extent of cholesteatoma was surgically confirmed, and classified into three stages. RESULTS The cholesteatoma affected the pars flaccida in 325 ears (73%), the pars tensa in 100 ears (22%), and both regions combined in 21 ears (5%). The hearing outcome (postoperative air-bone gaps dB) worsened as follows (Stage I, II, III): 84%, 68%, 53% in pars flaccida; 71%, 62%, 30% in pars tensa, and 42% at Stage II, and 50% at Stage III in the combined group. The incidence of residual cholesteatoma increased as follows (Stage I, II, III): 2%, 12%, 23% in pars flaccida; 7%, 30%, 21% in the pars tensa group. The severity of disease was reflected in postoperative hearing and increasing incidence of recurrence rate. CONCLUSION The 2010 JOS staging system is suitable for evaluating initial pathology. It is particularly practical for standardizing reporting of retraction pocket cholesteatoma and for adjusting for the severity of the condition during outcome evaluations. It may also provide information that is useful for counseling patients.

Practicality analysis of JOS staging system for congenital cholesteatoma: Japan Multicenter study (2009–2010): Presenting Author: Yuka Morita

Methods: Review of medical charts of patients underwent tympanoplasty between January 1995 and December 2014. Data collected included age, sex, features of cholesteatoma, type of tympanoplasty (TPL): trascanal (TC), canal wall up (CWU) or canal wall down (CWD), technique used: microscope and or endoscope, revision surgery for recidivism. Comparison was done on surgical techniques applied before and after the introduction of endoscopy in our department, 2010.

Dual antrostomy optical window for visualising sinus cavity during implant restoration

The authors report a case of maxillary sinusitis that developed after placement of four dental implants. Although one implant failed due to infection, the remaining dental implants were functional. A polyp had been identified on CT scan before implantation. Discussion of the possible odontogenic aetiology of the maxillary sinusitis led to consideration of explantation. Both middle and inferior meatal antrostomy were performed for utilisation as optical windows during postoperative care, allowing direct visualisation of the sinus cavity. The characteristics of the nasal mucosa were evaluated during a series of dental treatments including implant removal, sinus floor elevation and re-implantation.

Computerized Data Bank System for Temporal Bone Histopathology

A computerized data bank system to store and analyze temporal bone histopathologic data is described. This system uses the University of Pittsburghs Digital Equipment Corporation System 10 computer and the System 1022 data base management software. Data on histology cases are divided into five files: General information, otologic information, summary, histopathologic information about the external ear and middle ear, and histopathologic information about the inner ear. Eleven general terms are used to describe pathologic findings, surgery, postmortem degeneration, and artifacts. In addition, provision is made for the inclusion of more precise qualitative information to be entered as text.