Tainara Milbradt Weich

Eficácia de um programa para redução de ruído em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

PURPOSE To evaluate the effectiveness of a noise control program in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Hospital Universitário Santa Maria (NICU-HUSM) in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. METHODS NICU-HUSM professionals were initially contacted through informal interviews during the morning, afternoon and night shifts. Leaflets were delivered and posters were installed to raise awareness of the harmful effects of noise on neonates and professionals and to suggest behavioral changes to reduce noise levels. The suggestions included avoiding loud talking, careful handling of the incubator doors and keeping mobile phones on silent mode. One month later, questionnaires were used to assess behavioral changes since the first contact. RESULTS Most of the professionals rated the NICU-HUSM noise level as moderate. Overall, 71.4% of the respondents acknowledged that their behaviors were noisy. The entire sample reported believing that the unit noise levels could be reduced by speaking lower, reacting more quickly to alarms and handling furniture more carefully. The NICU professionals reported adopting these behaviors. CONCLUSION This noise control program was considered successful because the professionals became aware of the level of noise and adopted behavioral changes to avoid generating unnecessary noise.

Síndrome de Goldenhar: uma abordagem fonoaudiológica

BACKGROUND: the purpose of this paper is to tell the case of a child with Goldenhar Syndrome in speech-language treatment at a clinical school. PROCEDURES: data were collected from the patients records, through signature of the Free and Clarified Consent Term and approval in the Ethics Committee of the institution, during approximately 11 months of treatment. This case relates a child with 5 years and 11 months old, male gender, with a birth malformation at the right ear and mandibular condyle, as well as spina bifida. For this description, the patient passed through evaluations of hearing, stomatognathic system, face anthropometric measures, articulation examination, phonological assessment and hearing discrimination, before and after intervention. RESULTS: we noted changes as for conductive hearing loss in a moderate degree at the right ear; modifications in the mobility of lips and tongue; alterations in deglutition, mastication and respiration; reduced face anthropometric measures, mainly at the mandibular ramus; as well as the articulatory (distortions) and the phonological disorders (devoicing). From these data, we set out a therapeutic planning, with positive results in the mentioned period, mainly as for the mastication function. CONCLUSION: the patient showed several speech-language alterations arising from the oculoauriculovertebral spectrum, that is being increased in the association with Mouth Breathing, the deleterious oral habits and the environmental factors of the patient. New studies with more details and higher number of subjects are important to corroborate such results.

Potenciais evocados auditivos de tronco encefálico de ex-usuários de drogas

UNLABELLED Illicit drugs are known for their deleterious effects upon the central nervous system and more specifically for how they adversely affect hearing. OBJECTIVE This study aims to analyze and compare the hearing complaints and the results of brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) of former drug user support group goers. METHODS This is a cross-sectional non-experimental descriptive quantitative study. The sample consisted of 17 subjects divided by their preferred drug of use. Ten individuals were placed in the marijuana group (G1) and seven in the crack/cocaine group (G2). The subjects were further divided based on how long they had been using drugs: 1 to 5 years, 6 to 10 years, and over 15 years. They were interviewed, and assessed by pure tone audiometry, acoustic impedance tests, and BERA. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between G1 and G2 or time of drug use in absolute latencies and interpeak intervals. However, only five of the 17 individuals had BERA results with adequate results for their ages. CONCLUSION Marijuana and crack/cocaine may cause diffuse disorders in the brainstem and compromise the transmission of auditory stimuli regardless of how long these substances are used for.Illicit drugs are known for their deleterious effects upon the central nervous system and more specifically for how they adversely affect hearing. Objective: This study aims to analyze and compare the hearing complaints and the results of brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA) of former drug user support group goers. Methods: This is a cross-sectional non-experimental descriptive quantitative study. The sample consisted of 17 subjects divided by their preferred drug of use. Ten individuals were placed in the marijuana group (G1) and seven in the crack/cocaine group (G2). The subjects were further divided based on how long they had been using drugs: 1 to 5 years, 6 to 10 years, and over 15 years. They were interviewed, and assessed by pure tone audiometry, acoustic impedance tests, and BERA. Results: No statistically significant differences were found between G1 and G2 or time of drug use in absolute latencies and interpeak intervals. However, only five of the 17 individuals had BERA results with adequate results for their ages. Conclusion: Marijuana and crack/cocaine may cause diffuse disorders in the brainstem and compromise the transmission of auditory stimuli regardless of how long these substances are used for.

Função do sistema olivococlear medial em crianças com desvio fonológico

PURPOSE To verify whether children with phonological disorders present alterations in the medial olivocochlear system. METHODS This is a prospective cross-sectional study in which 19 normal hearing children of both genders, with ages between 4 and 7 years, were divided into two groups: 11 children without phonological disorders (control group) and eight with phonological disorders (study group). The auditory condition was verified by visual examination of the external ear canal, pure tone audiometry, and tympanometry. The study included only children with hearing thresholds below or equal to 15 dB, type A tympanometry, and presence of acoustic reflexes. To evaluate the function of the medial olivocochlear system, it was carried out the evaluation of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAE) with and without contralateral white noise at 60 dBHL. Data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS The occurrence and average values of TEOAE suppression in right and left ears did not present differences in the frequencies of 1, 2, 3 and 4 kHz within groups. In the comparison of the mean and the occurrence of the suppressive effect of TEOAE between control and study groups, there was also no difference in the frequencies analyzed. CONCLUSION Children with phonological disorders do not present alterations in the medial olivocochlear system, as evidenced by the occurrence of the suppressive effect of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions.

LIMIARES AUDITIVOS TONAIS, EMISSÕES OTOACÚSTICAS E SISTEMA OLIVOCOCLEAR MEDIAL DE EX-USUÁRIOS DE DROGAS

Objetivos analisar se o uso de drogas ilicitas pode interferir nos sistemas auditivos periferico e central. Metodos a amostra foi composta por 17 individuos distribuidos conforme o tipo de droga mais consumida: 10 individuos no grupo maconha (G1) e sete no grupo crack/cocaina (G2). Os grupos foram subdivididos segundo o tempo de uso de drogas: um a cinco, seis a 10 e mais que 15 anos. Foram avaliados por meio de anamnese, audiometria tonal liminar, imitânciometria, emissoes otoacusticas transientes (EOAT) e efeito supressor das EOAT. Resultados comparando os limiares tonais do G1 e G2, observaram-se limiares elevados para o G2, com diferenca estatisticamente significante no grupo de um a cinco anos para 250, 500, 6000 e 8000Hz na orelha direita e de seis a 10 anos para 4000 e 8000Hz na orelha esquerda. Para usuarios por mais que 15 anos, observou-se limiares superiores a 25dBNA de 3000 a 8000Hz na orelha direita. Nas EOAT e efeito supressor das EOAT nao houve diferenca estatisticamente significante entre G1 e G2 e entre os tempos de uso das drogas. O G1 apresentou relacao sinal/ruido das EOAT superior ao G2. O efeito supressor das EOAT esteve presente em 79% das orelhas avaliadas. Conclusao na amostra estudada, o crack/cocaina apresentou efeito mais deleterio sobre o sistema auditivo do que a maconha. O maior tempo de uso de drogas influenciou nos resultados do G1. O uso de drogas ilicitas nao provocou alteracoes no SOCM.