Taís Cristina Bastos Soares

Análise de trilha do rendimento de grãos de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) e seus componentes

Fifty-eight genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), being 32 local genotypes, 20 genotypes from EMBRAPA and six commercial cultivars were evaluated in Alegre/ES, through the influence of eight characters of agronomic importance to grain production by unit area. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications in the wet period of 2008/09 crop year. This study aimed to estimate the path coefficients between the primary and secondary characters on grain yield. The primary characters were set up by the number of seeds per pod (NSV), weight of one hundred grains (P100), number of pods per plant (NVP) and number of seeds per plant (NSP) and the secondary traits were number of days from germination to flowering (FL), number of days between emergence and harvest maturity (MC), plant height (EP), height of the first pod (PIV). The analysis of the path coefficient showed that the primary character with more direct effect on yield (PROD) was NVP (1.0011), associated with high correlation (0.754). Variables P100 and NSV showed high indirect effect on NVP of 0.8848 and 0.6369, respectively. It was observed an increase in P100 and NVP in plants with short cycle and growing season and first pod height taller, and that the height of the first pod did not significantly influence productivity.

Diversidade genética de acessos de feijão comum por caracteres agronômicos

This research aimed to evaluate the genetic divergence among 57 accessions of common bean genotypes being 31 genotypes from southern Espirito Santo, Brazil, 20 cultivars from EMBRAPA and 6 commercial cultivars. Three experiments were conducted in the agricultural years 2008/2009 and 2009/2010, two in the experimental area and a CCA-UFES at IFES, both sites in the municipality of Alegre, ES, Brazil. The desing was a randomized block with tree replications. Data were subjected to analysis of variance test by F. By multivariate analysis assessed the genetic diversity among accessions using the UPGMA clustering method and canonical variables based on the Mahalanobis distance. The variables that contributed most to the separation of the accessions were one hundred seed weight (P100) with 24.01%, growing season (PV) with 20.39%, reproductive period (PR) with 17.16% and seed length (CS) with 14.87%. The accessions were less divergent the F15 and F18 (9.18) and the most divergent F10 and F08 (1308.62). Multivariate analysis showed a low genetic similarity between cultivars and also between accessions from EMBRAPA and between them. Site accesses demonstrated significant genetic diversity. Both the cluster analysis and the canonical variables were able to separate the access according to the centers of origin.

Molecular characterization of arabica and Conilon coffee plants genotypes by SSR and ISSR markers

The molecular characterization of ten genotypes of the Coffea arabica plants and of seven genotypes of C. canephora having interesting features for coffee breeding programs was carried to select the parents for breeding. A total of 40 SSR and 29 ISSR primers were used. The primers generated a total of 331 (307 polymorphic and 24 monomorphic) bands. Analysis of genetic diversity presented dissimilarity intervals ranging from 0.22 to 0.44 between the Conilon genotypes, from 0.02 to 0.28 between the Arabica genotypes, and from 0.49 to 0.60 between the genotypes of the two species in the joint analysis. Four groups were formed: I = genotypes of C. arabica, II = four progenies of C. canephora, Conilon group, and one non defined C. canephora (Conilon or Robusta), III = one progeny of un-defined C. canephora (Conilon or Robusta) and IV = one progeny of C. canephora of Robusta group. The grouping formed was consistent with the origins of each group. High stabilities of the bifurcations were found by bootstrap analysis. The use of molecular markers of the SSR and ISSR types in the diversity study was efficient in distinguishing genotypes between and within C. arabica and C. canephora.

Utilização de marcadores ISSR na avaliação da divergência genética entre acessos de biribazeiro

The biribazeiro is a fruit plant native from Amazonian and Atlantic forests, in Brazil. Their fruits have great popular acceptance for fresh consumption. The objective of this study was to measure the genetic divergence of biriba genotypes (Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.]Baill) using ISSR molecular markers. Sixteen genotypes of biriba were screened with 20 ISSR primers, which produced a total of 118 bands, with 96 polymorphic and 22 monomorphic fragments. The genetic dissimilarity values ​​ranged from 0.0909 to 0.5147, based on the complement of the Jaccard index. The UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Average Method) grouped the accessions into six groups. The genotypes 1 and 5 were most dissimilar and 11 and 12 the most similar. The ISSR markers used in this study demonstrated the efficiency of molecular polymorphisms detection, revealing high genetic variability among the 16 accessions. So, it can be inferred that there is a considerable genetic variation among accessions of the biribazeiro, showing the importance of molecular markers in the analysis of variability of species poorly studied, as Rollinia mucosa [Jacq.]Baill.

Transferability and characterization of microsatellite markers in five Bromeliaceae species belonging to the subfamilies Pitcairnioideae and Bromelioideae

Microsatellite markers previously developed for Pitcairnia albiflos Herb. and Pitcairnia geysksii L.B.Sm. were used in cross-amplification tests of five other Bromeliaceae species. Ten (76.9%) out of the 13 evaluated pair of primers had positive results for some of the species tested. The number of polymorphic alleles ranged between two and four in most species. Ho values ranged between zero, in Pitcairnia flammea Lindl. (PaA05), Aechmea ramosa Mart ex Schult & Schult and Billbergia horrida Regel (PaC05), and one in Billbergia euphemiae E. Morren (PaA05, PaA10, PaC05 and PaD07). This study showed that microsatellite markers developed for P. albiflos and P. geysksii effectively amplified the DNA samples of Pitcairnia flammea, Aechmea nudicaulis (L.) Griseb., Aechmea ramosa, Billbergia horrida and Billbergia euphemiae, validating the transferability of these markers to species of the Pitcairnioideae and Bromelioideae subfamilies.

Molecular characterization of Anthurium genotypes by using DNA fingerprinting and SPAR markers

We characterized single primer amplification reaction (SPAR) molecular markers from 20 genotypes of Anthurium andraeanum Lind., including 3 from commercial varieties and 17 from 2 communities in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Twenty-four SPAR, consisting of 7 random amplified polymorphic DNA and 17 inter-simple sequence repeat markers were used to estimate the genetic diversity of 20 Anthurium accessions. The set of SPAR markers generated 288 bands and showed an average polymorphism percentage of 93.39%, ranging from 71.43 to 100%. The polymorphism information content (PIC) of the random amplified polymorphic DNA primers averaged 0.364 and ranged from 0.258 to 0.490. Primer OPF 06 showed the lowest PIC, while OPAM 14 was the highest. The average PIC of the inter-simple sequence repeat primers was 0.299, with values ranging from 0.196 to 0.401. Primer UBC 845 had the lowest PIC (0.196), while primer UCB 810 had the highest (0.401). By using the complement of Jaccards similarity index and unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean clustering, 5 clusters were formed with a cophenetic correlation coefficient of 0.8093, indicating an acceptable clustering consistency. However, no genotype clustering patterns agreed with the morphological data. The Anthurium genotypes investigated in this study are a germplasm source for conservational research and may be used in improvement programs for this species.

Genetic diversity in three natural populations of Pitcairnia flammea (l.) John (Bromeliaceae) estimated by ISSR markers.

Bromeliads are greatly represented in the Atlantic Forest, although many species are threatened with extinction owing to habitat fragmentation and intense extraction for ornamental purposes. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies generating knowledge about genetic diversity and the distribution of this diversity among and within natural populations to establish conservation strategies. These studies can be performed with the use of molecular markers. Molecular markers are advantageous for studies of natural populations, for conservation programs, and to aid in properly classifying plant species. This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity among and within natural populations of Pitcairnia flammea, occurring in three fragments of the Atlantic Forest in the southern State of Espírito Santo through the use of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. DNA samples from 55 individuals were amplified with 18 ISSR primers, generating 180 bands, 159 of which were polymorphic. The Shannon genetic diversity index ranged from 0.348 to 0.465, with an average of 0.412. The Bayesian approach for the molecular data indicated the existence of two genetic groups. Analysis of molecular variance indicated the existence of 90.3% diversity within the population and 9.74% among populations. The amount of genetic differentiation of populations was moderate (0.0974), indicating that gene flow rates may be enough to counteract the effects of genetic drift. Greater genetic variability found in population B indicates that this area is an important source of genetic variability.

Genetic diversity of yacon accessions using ISSR markers

Yacon cultivation has been intensified and the investigations of this crop have increased at the scientific, agricultural, and social levels because the roots of yacon show beneficial properties for human health, such as reducing cholesterol and glucose blood levels. Since the investigations involving yacon are very recent, there is little information available in terms of the genetic characterization of the cultivated genotypes. In view of the lack of information on the accessions cultivated in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil, this pioneering study aimed to characterize 60 accessions cultivated in the state using ISSR yacon markers with emphasis on identifying the genetic diversity among the materials. The 20 ISSR primers used produced a total of 82 fragments, 39.6% of which presented polymorphism. The number of fragments per primer ranged from 1 to 10. The dissimilarity values ranged from 0 to 0.54 according to the Jaccard coefficient. A dendrogram was generated in which the accessions were divided into 3 groups; group 1 contained 58 individuals and groups 2 and 3 had only one individual in each group. The clustering of 58 accessions in a single group shows the low diversity in the materials examined. This low diversity indicates that new genotypes must be introduced in order to promote increased variability, which would minimize the adverse effects caused by biotic and abiotic factors.