Takayuki Muranushi

INTERDEPENDENCE OF ELECTRIC DISCHARGE AND MAGNETOROTATIONAL INSTABILITY IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS

We study how the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in protoplanetary disks is affected by the electric discharge caused by the electric field in the resistive MHD. We have performed three-dimensional shearing box simulations with various values of plasma beta and electrical breakdown models. We find the self-sustainment of the MRI in spite of the high resistivity. The instability gives rise to the large electric field that causes the electrical breakdown, and the breakdown maintains the high ionization degree required for the instability. The condition for this self-sustained MRI is set by the balance between the energy supply from the shearing motion and the energy consumed by the Ohmic dissipation. We apply the condition to various disk models and study where the active, self-sustained, and dead zones of MRI are. In the fiducial minimum-mass solar nebula (MMSN) model, the newly-found sustained zone occupies only the limited volume of the disk. In the late-phase gas-depleted disk models, however, the sustained zone occupies larger volume of the disk.

Optimal Temporal Blocking for Stencil Computation

Temporal blocking is a class of algorithms which reduces the required memory bandwidth (B/F ratio) of a given stencil computation, by blocking multiple time steps. In this paper, we prove that a lower limit exists for the reduction of the B/F attainable by temporal blocking, under certain conditions. We introduce the PiTCH tiling, an example of temporal blocking method that achieves the optimal B/F ratio. We estimate the performance of PiTCH tiling for various stencil applications on several modern CPUs. We show that PiTCH tiling achieves 1.5<2 times better B/F reduction in three-dimensional applications, compared to other temporal blocking schemes. We also show that PiTCH tiling can remove the bandwidth bottleneck from most of the stencil applications considered.

Experience report: type-checking polymorphic units for astrophysics research in Haskell

Many of the bugs in scientific programs have their roots in mistreatment of physical dimensions, via erroneous expressions in the quantity calculus. Now that the type system in the Glasgow Haskell Compiler is rich enough to support type-level integers and other promoted datatypes, we can type-check the quantity calculus in Haskell. In addition to basic dimension-aware arithmetic and unit conversions, our units library features an extensible system of dimensions and units, a notion of dimensions apart from that of units, and unit polymorphism designed to describe the laws of physics. We demonstrate the utility of units by writing an astrophysics research paper. This work is free of unit concerns because every quantity expression in the paper is rigorously type-checked.

Automatic generation of efficient codes from mathematical descriptions of stencil computation

Programming in HPC is a tedious work. Therefore functional programming languages that generate HPC programs have been proposed. However, they are not widely used by application scientists, because of learning barrier, and lack of demonstrated application performance. We have designed Formura which adopts application-friendly features such as typed rational array indices. Formura users can describe mathematical concepts such as operation over derivative operators using functional programming. Formura allows intuitive expression over array elements while ensuring the program is a stencil computation, so that state-of-the-art stencil optimization techniques such as temporal blocking is always applied to Formura-generated program. We demonstrate the usefulness of Formura by implementing a preliminary below-ground biology simulation. Optimized C-code are generated from 672 bytes of Formura program. The simulation was executed on the full nodes of the K computer, with 1.184 Pflops, 11.62% floating-point-instruction efficiency, and 31.26% memory throughput efficiency.

PSDF: Particle Stream Data Format for N-body simulations

We present a data format for the output of general N-body simulations, allowing the presence of individual time steps. By specifying a standard, different N-body integrators and different visualization and analysis programs can all share the simulation data, independent of the type of programs used to produce the data. Our Particle Stream Data Format, PSDF, is specified in YAML, based on the same approach as XML but with a simpler syntax. Together with a specification of PSDF, we provide background and motivation, as well as specific examples in a variety of computer languages. We also offer a web site from which these examples can be retrieved, in order to make it easy to augment existing codes in order to give them the option to produce PSDF output.

DEVELOPMENT OF A METHOD FOR THE OBSERVATION OF LIGHTNING IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS USING ION LINES

In this paper, we propose observational methods for detecting lightning in protoplanetary disks. We do so by calculating the critical electric field strength in the lightning matrix gas (LMG), the parts of the disk where the electric field is strong enough to cause lightning. That electric field accelerates multiple positive ion species to characteristic terminal velocities. In this paper, we present three distinct discharge models, with corresponding critical electric fields. We simulate the position-velocity diagrams and the integrated emission maps for the models. We calculate the measure of sensitivity values for detection of the models, and for distinguishing between the models. At the distance of TW-Hya (54pc), LMG that occupies

FDPS: a novel framework for developing high-performance particle simulation codes for distributed-memory systems

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DIRECT SIMULATIONS OF PARTICLE ACCELERATION IN A FLUCTUATING ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD ACROSS A SHOCK

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Global Simulation of Planetary Rings on Sunway TaihuLight

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Electron Heating and Saturation of Self-regulating Magnetorotational Instability in Protoplanetary Disks

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