Takeshi Kanaseki

Arrangement of Motoneurons Innervating the Intrinsic Laryn-Geal Muscles of Cats as Demonstrated by Horseradish Peroxidas

After HRp injection into the posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), the thyroarytenoid (TA), the lateral cricoarytenoid (LCA) and the interarytenoid (IA) muscles, labeled neurons were identified in the nucleus ambiguus ipsilaterally. The motoneurons for the cricothyroid muscle (CT) were found ipsilaterally in the retrofacial and ambiguus nuclei. The labeled cell columns of PCA, TA, LCA and IA were situated more caudal than that of CT in the order of PCA, TA, LCA and IA. In the nuc. ambiguus, the motoneurons of CT showed compact form and were located in the ventral part, those of PCA were aggregated and occupied the middle part, those of TA were scattered and were seen in the dorsal part, and those of LCA and IA were sparse and were recognized widely in the nucleus.

Localization of efferent neurons innervating the pharyngeal constrictor muscles and the cervical esophagus muscle in the cat by means of the horseradish peroxidase method

Following horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injection into the cephalopharyngeal muscle (CeP), the hyopharyngeal muscle (HP), the thyropharyngeal muscle (TP), the cricopharyngeal muscle (CP) and the cervical esophagus muscle (CE) of the cat, labeled neurons were identified in the nucleus retrofacialis and the rostral part of the nucleus ambiguus ipsilaterally. The rostral end of the labeled cell column was located more rostrally for CeP and HP than for TP, CP and CE. No difference was noted within the former two or within the latter three. The level of the caudal end of the labeled cell column became more caudal in the order of CeP, HP, TP and CP. The caudal end was located more rostral for CE than for TP. The neurons for CE were located more ventro-laterally than those for the other muscles.

Projection from the pretectal nuclei to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the cat: a wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase study

To study the projection from the pretectum to the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGNd) in the cat, we used anterograde and retrograde transport of wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase (WGA-HRP). Special attention was directed to the retinotopic maps of the pretectum and LGNd. Multiple restricted injections were made into different parts of the pretectum or LGNd. The pretectogeniculate pathway terminates mostly in the medial interlaminar nucleus (MIN) and layers A and A1, and to some extent in the lamina C within the ipsilateral LGNd. The lateral part of the nucleus of the optic tract (NTO) receives afferents from the superior retina, and the medial part of NTO and posterior pretectal nucleus (NPP) receives afferents from the inferior retina. There is no topographic organization in the retinal projection to the olivary pretectal nucleus (NOL). The lateral part of NTO projects ipsilaterally to the rostral portion of LGNd, which receives afferents from the superior retina. The medial part of NTO projects ipsilaterally to the caudal portion of LGNd, which receives afferents from the inferior retina. The NOL projects to all laminar parts of LGNd, ipsilaterally. The NPP projects largely to the ipsilateral MIN, which receives afferents from the pericentral and peripheral retina. These results suggest that similar parts of the retinotopic maps present in the pretectum and LGNd are connected.

Peripheral course and intramucosal distribution of the laryngeal sensory nerve fibers of cats

In order to demonstrate distribution of the laryngeal peripheral sensory nerve fibers of cats, wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase was injected into the nodose ganglion. The results were as follows: The internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) innervated ipsilaterally the epiglottis, the aryepiglottic fold, the arytenoid eminence, the rostral aspect of the vocal fold, the laryngeal vestibulum and the mucosa covering the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle. The posterior branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) was divided into two branches. One branch formed Galens anastomosis together with fibers of the internal branch of the SLN. The other supplied the caudal aspect of the vocal folds and the subglottis, together with fibers of the internal branch of the SLN, bilaterally with ipsilateral predominance. Some fibers of the internal branch of the SLN united with some fibers of the posterior branch of the RLN and penetrated the cricoid foramen to innervate the posterior wall of the glottis and the medial aspect of the arytenoid cartilage bilaterally with ipsilateral predominance.

Central location of the motoneurons supplying the thyrohyoid and the geniohyoid muscles as demonstrated by horseradish peroxidase method

After HRP injection into the geniohyoid muscle labeled neurons were found in the ventral part of the hypoglossal nucleus, extending in the rostral two-thirds (about) of this nucleus. After HRP injection in to the thyrohyoid muscle, the labeled neurons were identified in the lateral part of the caudal one-third (about) of the hypoglossal nucleus and in the dorsomedial part of the ventral horn of C1.

Location of motoneurons supplying the cricopharyngeal muscle in the cat studied by means of the horseradish peroxidase method.

Abstract After injection of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) into the cricopharyngeal muscle of the cat, HRP-labeled motoneurons were found ipsilaterally in the nucleus retrofacialis and the rostral part of the nucleus ambiguus. These labeled neurons extended from the level just caudal to the facial nucleus to the level of the obex.

Distribution of motoneurons in the brain stem of monkeys, innervating the larynx

Following HRP (Horseradish Peroxidase) injections to cricothyroid muscle, recurrent laryngeal nerve and the vagal nerve at the level of nodose ganglion, labeled motoneurons were found to show a characteristic distribution in the brain stem of the monkey. Cricothyroid motoneurons extended from a level caudal to the facial nucleus to a level caudal to the middle part of the inferior olivary nucleus (IO) and were scattered around the outer area of nucleus ambiguus (Amb). Motoneurons supplying the recurrent laryngeal nerve were found between a level rostral to the middle of IO and its caudal end. Distribution was compact in the lateral part, but was scattered in the dorsomedial part of Amb. On injection of HRP into the nodose ganglion of the vagal nerve, labeled motoneurons were seen in two cell columns: In the Amb and in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus. The former extended from the rostral level of IO to the caudal end of IO, also showing connections with the retroambigual nucleus.

Myopathic changes at the end-plate region induced by neostigmine methylsulfate

Administration of large dose of neostigmine caused very quickly marked myopathic changes at the motor end-plate region. With continued injections, however some recovery of the structural features did occur suggesting the reconstructive changes in the affected regions.

Anterior spinal artery syndrome--a complication of cervical intrathecal phenol injection.

Spinal nerve block by intrathecal phenol-glycerine infusion is commonly employed for relief of severe pain in terminal carcinomatosis and, frequently, a dramatic regional anesthetic effect is achieved. However, nerve block by this procedure may in very rare instances give rise to serious complications. We have seen a case of terminal malignant melanoma in which clinical manifestations, indicative of anterior spinal artery syndrome, developed following the injection of 0.3 ml of 10% phenol-glycerine into the cervical subarachnoid space at the C4--C5 level for the control of severe right arm pain. This report describes the clinical course of the patient over a period of 4 months after the nerve block and the post-mortem findings along with a brief review of the literature.

Immunohistochemical studies on neuron-specific enolase in developing rat vallate papillae

SummaryThe detailed morphology of the nerve fibers and the taste bud cells in developing vallate papillae of the rat tongue was investigated utilizing the immunoperoxidase technique to detect neuron-specific enolase (NSE). For convenience of description, five stages of development were defined: Stage 1, the fifteenth and the sixteenth embryonic day (E15–E16): NSE like immunoreactive (NSE-) nerve fibers, with some random arborization, appeared around the median lingual sulcus at the base of the tongue; Stage 2 (E16–E17): NSE-nerve fibers invading the central core of newly formed vallate papilla and underlying the apical epithelium of the papilla; Stage 3 (E18–E21): round-shaped undifferentiated NSE-taste bud cells appearing in the apical epithelium; Stage 4, the first day of postnatal age (P1): NSE-taste bud cells migrated to the side epithelium, lining the gutter beneath which the nerve plexus formed during E18–E21, and extended cytoplasmic process toward the surface and/or the basal lamina; Stage 5 (P3–P5): NSE-nerve fibers and spindle-shaped NSE-taste bud cells with a typical figure of taste bud cells appeared in newly formed taste buds in the side epithelium, lining the gutter. The sequential topographic development of nerve preceding NSE-taste bud cells in precise morphological locations, suggests that the ingress of precursor NSE-taste bud cells and their subsequent differentiation are contingent upon initial neural derived ontologic signals.