Takeshi Nago

Aerobic vs. resistance exercise in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review

BACKGROUND & AIMS Exercise is a first-line therapy for patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We sought to: 1) summarize effective aerobic and resistance exercise protocols for NAFLD; and 2) compare the effects and energy consumption of aerobic and resistance exercises. METHODS A literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopas to January 28, 2016. From a total of 95 articles, 23 studies including 24 aerobic and 7 resistance exercise protocols were selected for the summary of exercise protocols. Twelve articles including 13 aerobic and 4 resistance exercise protocols were selected for the comparative analysis. RESULTS For aerobic exercise, the median effective protocol was 4.8 metabolic equivalents (METs) for 40min/session, 3times/week for 12weeks. For resistance exercise, the median effective protocol was 3.5 METs for 45min/session, 3times/week for 12weeks. Aerobic and resistance exercise improved hepatic steatosis. No significant difference was seen in the duration, frequency, or period of exercise between the two exercise groups; however, %VO2max and energy consumption were significantly lower in the resistance than in the aerobic group (50% [45-98] vs. 28% [28-28], p=0.0034; 11,064 [6394-21,087] vs. 6470 [4104-12,310] kcal/total period, p=0.0475). CONCLUSIONS Resistance exercise improves NAFLD with less energy consumption. Thus, resistance exercise may be more feasible than aerobic exercise for NAFLD patients with poor cardiorespiratory fitness or for those who cannot tolerate or participate in aerobic exercise. These data may indicate a possible link between resistance exercise and lipid metabolism in the liver. LAY SUMMARY Both aerobic and resistance exercise reduce hepatic steatosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with similar frequency, duration, and period of exercise (40-45min/session 3times/week for 12weeks); however, the two forms of exercise have different characteristics. Intensity and energy consumption were significantly lower for resistance than for aerobic exercise. Resistance exercise may be more feasible than aerobic exercise for NAFLD patients with poor cardiorespiratory fitness or for those who cannot tolerate or participate in aerobic exercise.

Walking Exercise Simultaneously Combined With Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation of Antagonists Resistance Improved Muscle Strength, Physical Function, and Knee Pain in Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis: A Single-Arm Study.

Abstract Matsuse, H, Hashida, R, Takano, Y, Omoto, M, Nago, T, Bekki, M, and Shiba, N. Walking exercise simultaneously combined with neuromuscular electrical stimulation of antagonists resistance improved muscle strength, physical function, and knee pain in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis: a single-arm study. J Strength Cond Res 31(1): 171–180, 2017—A hybrid training system (HTS) was developed as a way to combine the application of electrical stimulation and voluntary contraction. Moreover, we developed a novel training method using HTS during walking (HTSW). This study was designed to evaluate the effect of HTSW on muscle strength, physical function, and knee pain in knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Eleven subjects (age: 74.0 ± 8.5 years) participated and performed HTSW for 30 minutes 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Isokinetic knee extension/knee flexion torque, muscle volume, one-leg standing test (OST), functional reach test, 10-m maximum gait speed, timed up and go test, 6-minute walking test, knee pain using Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and Japan Knee Osteoarthritis Measure (JKOM) were assessed. Knee extension torque significantly increased from 1.02 ± 0.29 N·m·kg−1 pretraining to 1.23 ± 0.33 N·m·kg−1 posttraining (P < 0.01, ES = 0.68). Knee flexion torque significantly increased from 0.65 ± 0.18 N·m·kg−1 pretraining to 0.78 ± 0.17 N·m·kg−1 posttraining (p < 0.01). Muscle volume significantly increased from 9.00 ± 2.84 mm pretraining to 10.37 ± 3.16 mm at the end of training (p ⩽ 0.05). All the physical functions except OST were significantly improved. The JKOM score improved from 26.7 ± 18.30 pretraining to 17.2 ± 14.02 at the end of training (p < 0.01). The VAS score significantly decreased from 35.4 ± 22.59 pretraining to 16.5 ± 19.73 at the end of training (p ⩽ 0.05). Hybrid training system during walking may be an effective training method for the treatment of people with KOA.