Takushi Nishimura

Phase Separation of Multi-Component Bose-Einstein Condensates of Trapped Atoms and Molecules with a Homonuclear Feshbach Resonance

We investigate phase separation of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) of two-component atoms and one-component molecules with a homonuclear Feshbach resonance. We develop a full model for dilute atomic and molecular gases including correlation of the Feshbach resonance and all kinds of interparticle interactions, and numerically calculate order parameters of the BECs in spherical harmonic oscillator traps at zero temperature with the Bogoliubovs classical field approximation. As a result, we find out that the Feshbach resonance can induce two types of phase separation. The actual phase structures and density profiles of the trapped gases are predicted in the whole parameter region, from the atom-dominant regime to the molecule-dominant regime. We focus on the role of the molecules in the phase separation. Especially in the atom-dominant regime, the role of the molecules is described through effective interactions derived from our model. Furthermore we show that a perturbative and semiclassical limit of our model reproduces the conventional atomic BEC (single-channel) model.

Free Expansion of a Weakly-Interacting Dipolar Fermi Gas

We theoretically investigate a polarized dipolar Fermi gas in free expansion. The inter-particle dipolar interaction deforms phase-space distribution in trap and also in the expansion. We exactly predict the minimal quadrupole deformation in the expansion for the high-temperature Maxwell–Boltzmann and zero-temperature Thomas–Fermi gases in the Hartree–Fock and Landau–Vlasov approaches. In conclusion, we provide a proper approach to develop the time-of-flight method for the weakly-interacting dipolar Fermi gas and also reveal a scaling law associated with the Liouvilles theorem in the long-time behaviors of the both gases.

Molecular formations in ultracold mixtures of interacting and noninteracting atomic gases

Atom-molecule equilibrium for molecular formation processes is discussed for boson-fermion, fermion-fermion, and boson-boson mixtures of ultracold atomic gases in the framework of quasichemical equilibrium theory. After presentation of the general formulation, zero-temperature phase diagrams of the atom-molecule equilibrium states are calculated analytically; molecular, mixed, and dissociated phases are shown to appear for the change of the binding energy of the molecules. The temperature dependences of the atom or molecule densities are calculated numerically, and finite-temperature phase structures are obtained of the atom-molecule equilibrium in the mixtures. The transition temperatures of the atom or molecule Bose-Einstein condensations are also evaluated from these results. Quantum-statistical deviations of the law of mass action in atom-molecule equilibrium, which should be satisfied in mixtures of classical Maxwell-Boltzmann gases, are calculated, and the difference in the different types of quantum-statistical effects is clarified. Mean-field calculations with interparticle interactions (atom-atom, atom-molecule, and molecule-molecule) are formulated, where interaction effects are found to give the linear density-dependent term in the effective molecular binding energies. This method is applied to calculations of zero-temperature phase diagrams, where new phases with coexisting local-equilibrium states are shown to appear in the case of strongly repulsive interactions.

Deformation Dependence of Breathing Oscillations in Bose - Fermi Mixtures at Zero Temperature

We study the breathing oscillations in bose-fermi mixtures in the axially-symmetric deformed trap of prolate, spherical and oblate shapes, and clarify the def ormation dependence of the frequencies and the characteristics of collective oscillations. The co llective oscillations of the mixtures in deformed traps are calculated in the scaling method. In largely-deformed prolate and oblate limits and spherical limit, we obtain the analytical expressions of th e collective frequencies. The full calculation shows that the collective oscillations become consistent with the analytically-obtained frequencies when the system is deformed into both prolate and oblate regions. The complicated changes of oscillation characters are shown to occur in the transcendental r egions around the spherically-deformed region. We find that these critical changes of oscillation ch aracters are explained by the level crossing behaviors of the intrinsic oscillation modes. The approximate expressions are obtained for the level crossing points that determine the transcendental regions. We also compare the results of the scaling methods with those of the dynamical approach.

Quantum dynamics of a dipolar Fermi gas in free expansion

We presented our theoretical study on quantum dynamics of a polarized dipolar Fermi gas in free expansion. The dipole-dipolar interparticle interaction induces axisymmetrical deformation of the expanding gas not only in the spatial space but also in the momentum space, so that, in order to obtain proper results in the time-of-flight method for the dipolar Fermi gas, it is necessary to deal with time-evolution of the deformation. To solve the free expansion problem, we develop the Hartree-Fock and Landau-Vlasov approaches and a new time-evolution ansatz for the quantum dynamics. In conclusion, we obtain exact predictions for the minimal quadrupole deformation of the high-temperature Maxwell-Boltzmann and zero-temperature Thomas-Fermi gases in the week-interaction and small-deformation regime, and also reveal a scaling law associated with the Liouville’s theorem in the long-time behaviors of the MB and TF gases.