Tamara Weir

Relationship of wives' employment status to husband, wife and pair satisfaction and performance.

The present invention relates to detonation joining of high tension lines and the like in which the line ends and their steel cores respectively are joined together by a single shot or detonation. According to the invention each of the line ends to be joined is provided with an exposed core end on which is firmly wedged a separate steel sleeve having an outer diameter approximately equal to that of the line, a main connecting tube of aluminium enclosing the adjacent steel sleeves and parts of the line ends is provided with an exterior layer of explosive charge which during detonation compresses said main connecting tube around the line ends and simultaneously around the steel sleeves which thereby are compressed around the core ends so that an effective mutual anchorage of the components of the joint is obtained.

Sex Differences in Adolescent Life Stress, Social Support, and Well-Being

The present study compared male and female adolescents in terms of experienced life stress, social support recieved from parents and peers, and emotional and physical well-being. Ss were 93 male and 181 female adolescents obtained from three high schools. Data were collected by anonymous questionnaires. The results showed that female adolescents reported significantly greater life stress, and although they received significantly more social support from peers, they also reported significantly poorer emotional and physical well-being than males. An explanation for these findings in terms of difficulties in the socialization of female adolescents is proposed.

The Type A experience: occupational and life demands, satisfaction and well-being.

This study investigated the relationship of Type A behavior to occupational and life demands, occupational and life satisfactions, and emotional and physical health. Respondents were 127 senior administrators of correctional institutions. Data were collected via questionnaires and objective physiological and physical health assessments. Greater Type As reported more occupational demands, more concrete stressful life events at work, greater interference of work with home and family life, and less marital satisfaction. But greater Type As also reported more self-esteem at work, greater job involvement and organizational identification and greater life satisfaction. The latter findings highlight the resistance to behavior change by Type A men. Contrary to other studies, Type A behavior bore little relationship to emotional or physical health. Exploratory analyses relating Type A behavior to emotional and physical health did confirm previous findings when the older half of the sample (45 and above) was examined.

Marital Helping Relationships: The Moderators Between Stress and Well-Being

Summary This study tests the hypothesis that the marital helping relationship acts as a moderator between the stress experienced by the marital partners and their resultant well-being. Ss were 189 husband-wife pairs. Each individual provided information about his or her life and job stress; satisfaction with spouses helping efforts; satisfaction with job, marriage, and life; and mental and physical well-being. Measures of well-being were positively related to satisfaction with spouses help and negatively related to amount of experienced stress. Satisfaction with spouses help remained significantly related to the measures of well-being controlling for levels of experienced stress. Thus it was concluded that the husband-wife helping relationship is an important moderator between experienced stress and individual well-being.

Disclosure of Problems and Tensions Experienced by Marital Partners

189 husband-wife pairs indicated how likely they were to disclose to their spouses when they were experiencing problems, and their reasons for disclosing and/or not disclosing. Wives disclosed significantly more than husbands. Both gave similar reasons for disclosing, but different reasons for not disclosing. Husbands and wives who were more likely to disclose to their spouses also reported greater marital and life satisfaction, but level of disclosing was not related to measures of mental and physical well-being or job satisfaction.

Benefits to Adolescents of Informal Helping Relationships with Their Parents and Peers

93 male and 181 female adolescents (Grades 9 to 13) indicated (1) the amount of stress they experienced in their day-to-day living, (2) their satisfaction with the help they received from, their mothers, fathers, and peers, and (3) perceptions of their well-being in three conceptually distinct areas (life satisfaction, various affective states, and mental and physical wellbeing). The satisfaction with help measures were significantly correlated with the well-being measures, controlling for levels of experienced stress. In addition, the satisfaction with help measures operated as moderators of the stress-well-being relationship. Experienced stress was less likely to be associated with poor wellbeing for adolescents who were the most satisfied with the help they received from the three sources.

Helping Responses of Parents and Peers and Adolescent Well Being.

Summary This study examines the relationship of helping responses of mothers, fathers, and peers to several aspects of adolescent well-being. Helping responses from these sources were also related to other aspects of the helping process. Ss were 274 adolescents (93 males and 181 females) in high school. Anonymously completed questionnaires provided assessments of typical helping responses, other aspects of the helping process (satisfaction, disclosure of problems), and well-being (life satisfaction, psychosomatic symptoms) and several negative feeling states. Helping responses of Domination-Disconfirmation and Distraction were negatively related to other helping variables and adolescent well-being; Emotional and Concrete Support were positively related to other helping variables and adolescent well-being. Helping responses of parents were particularly vital.

Some Personality Differences Between Members of One-Career and Two-Career Families.

Personality characteristics of husbands and wives were examined in two contexts: (1) traditional families, in which the husband was employed and the wife was a homemaker; and (2) two-career families, in which both members were employed. All respondents completed Schutzs FIRO-B, which consists of six scales: expressed and wanted behavior in areas of inclusion, control and affection. Working wives scored significantly lower on five of the six scales than did housewives. Husbands of working wives also scored significantly lower on four of the six scales than did husbands of homemakers. Thus, members of two-career families had significantly lower needs for social interchange in the areas of affection, inclusion and control. A measure of preferences for taking an active or passive position in relating to others showed housewives to be more passive than employed wives, but husbands of housewives to be more active than husbands of employed wives, confirming stereotyped notions of the dominant male role in single-career families.

Husband-wife helping-relationships: the "mental hygiene" function in marriage.

This study examined the relationships between several correlates and consequences of the husband-wife helping-relationship. 189 husband-wife pairs provided information about several aspects of their: experienced stress, their informal helping-relationship, and their satisfactions and well-being. Effective husband-wife helping-relationships were signficantly related to the quality of life of the marital partners.

Informal Helping Relationship in Work Organizations

Fifty-three managers described informal helping interactions in their work settings from both helper and helpee perspectives. Types of problems, who initiated the interaction, nature of the helping...