Tamio Tanikawa

Development of a micro-manipulation system having a two-fingered micro-hand

A dexterous micro-manipulation system has been developed for applications in assembling micro-machines, manipulating biological cells, and performing micro-surgery. We have proposed a micro-hand having two fingers, a prototype of which has been designed and built using parallel mechanisms. We discuss the structure of our micro-hand and its operation system. The structure of the two-fingered micro-hand is strongly related to its effective workspace. The design of the micro-hand has been influenced by consideration of the usage of chopsticks. A calibration method based on least-square error is proposed for three degrees of freedom (DOF) translational motion in task coordinates fixed under a microscope. Development of a useful operational device to control the micro-hand is important for achieving dexterous micro-manipulation. A force feedback system would be ideal for such manipulation. In the case of micro-manipulation, though, a sensor with high resolution and multiple sensing axes is needed. There is no sensor meeting this demand currently. In order to achieve micro-manipulation without the force feedback system, an operational system which can be controlled with natural operational feeling like manipulation of actual human hand, is important. We have developed an operational device which is controlled by one hand. The forefinger and thumb are used to manipulate microscopic objects in tele-operation. However, due to kinematic dissimilarity between the master and the micro-hand, the motion of the fingers cannot be directly used as operational signals to move the micro-hand. We have therefore developed an operational strategy which compensates for this dissimilarity, thus providing for easy manipulation.

Kinematic analysis of translational 3-DOF micro parallel mechanism using matrix method

We apply the matrix method to kinematic analysis of our translational 3-DOF micro parallel mechanism for an instance of general flexure mechanisms. The matrix method has been well developed in architecture to analyze a frame structure. We found that this method is well applicable to such a flexure mechanism with circular notched hinges as our micro parallel mechanism because it is approximate to the Rahmen structure. Our matrix method can calculate a compliance matrix with less nodes of matrix than conventional finite element method. First, the compliance matrices of a circular notched hinge and some other beams are defined and the coordinate transformations of compliance matrix are introduced. Next, an analysis of our micro parallel mechanism is demonstrated.

Development of small-sized 3 DOF finger module in micro hand for micro manipulation

A dexterous micro manipulation system was developed for applications such as assembling micro machines, manipulating cells, and micro surgery. We have proposed a concept of a two-fingered microhand, and designed and built a prototype. We succeeded in performing basic micro manipulations, including the grasp, release, and rotation of a microscopic object. The two-fingered micro hand prototype should be more miniaturized for higher accuracy and combination in small chamber of SEM. In this paper, we will propose a small-sized 3-DOF finger module with a parallel mechanism. An optimized link mechanism for miniaturization is used to the finger module. A photo fabrication system is used to fabrication of the finger module. Basic experiment shows excellent micro capability.

Kinematic analysis of a translational 3-d.o.f. micro-parallel mechanism using the matrix method

In this paper, we applied the matrix method to kinematic analysis of our translational 3-d.o.f. micro-parallel mechanism for an instance of general flexure mechanisms. The matrix method has been well developed in architecture to analyze frame structures. We found that this method is well suited to such a flexure mechanism with circular notched hinges as our micro-parallel mechanism because it can be approximated to a Rahmen structure. Our matrix method can calculate a compliance matrix with less matrix nodes than the conventional finite element method. First, the compliance matrices of a circular notched hinge and some other beams are defined, and the coordinate transformations of the compliance matrix are introduced. Secondly, an analysis of our micro-parallel mechanism is demonstrated.

Development of 3-DOF finger module for micro manipulation

A compact and economical 3-DOF finger module for micro manipulation is developed; it is designed for a two-finger micro manipulator which can manipulate micrometer-size objects dexterously like chopsticks. A 3-DOF parallel mechanism for this finger is proposed, and its inverse kinematics between the end effector position and the actuator displacements is formulated. The design parameters are determined so that its workspace volume may be as large as possible. A prototype using three piezo-electric actuators and two types of flexure joints, which are proposed for realizing a compact finger, is developed. The Jacobian matrix used for calculating the actuator displacements corresponding to the given end effector position is obtained by experiments. The repeatability and absolute positioning accuracy-about 2.0 /spl mu/m-of this prototype are evaluated.

Development of micro manipulation system with two-finger micro hand

A dexterous micro manipulation system is developed for the application in assembling micro machine, manipulating cell, and micro surgery. We have proposed a concept of a two-finger micro hand, and designed and built two types of hand modules based on parallel mechanisms. In this paper, we mainly discuss the structure of a two-finger micro hand. The structure of the two-finger micro hand is strongly related to the effective work space, or the common work space of two fingers as well as its cooperation control algorithms. We design a structure to be suitable for a two-finger micro hand and made a prototype. Development of useful master device to operate the two-finger micro hand is important issue for the dextrous micro manipulation system. We developed a master device which is operated by one hand. The forefinger and thumb is generally used to manipulate objects by one hand. However, motion of each finger cannot be directly used to move the micro manipulator operational signal. We observed difference between the manipulation by two-finger hand like chopsticks and the manipulation by forefinger and thumb in human hand, and discuss operational algorithm for easy manipulation. By using this system for the micro manipulation, we evaluated effectiveness of the two-finger micro hand. In the actual micro manipulation, we succeeded to pick up, place and rotate a micro glass ball having size of 2 microns. The positioning accuracy is less than 0.1 micron.

Development of 3 DOF micro finger

A 3 DOF micro finger, that has pure translational motion, is proposed. The finger will be applied in the two finger micro manipulation in order to manipulate micrometer size objects dexterously. The possible configurations are considered based on the group theory. Then, the optimal configuration is proposed by taking simple machining of joint structures into account. Kinematics analysis is made in order to describe the relation between end effector and actuator displacements. The design parameters are examined by evaluating the force capability of the actuator and the work space volume. Basic experiments are made by a prototype finger module that show excellent micro motion capability.

Ubiquitous Localization and Mapping for Robots with Ambient Intelligence

In this paper, a novel approach of knowledge management for the space/location perceiving capacity of robots is proposed. First, the ubiquitous function services composed of smart object, smart logic, and smart discovery service are proposed in order to distribute knowledge flexibly and reliably to changing environment and also for a robot to invoke and merge the distributed knowledge more freely. Next, physical and virtual spaces are merged by RFID tags. Through this, it is shown that ambient intelligence is realized and the space localization and mapping problem of robots can be more easily solved. Finally, the experiment based on an example scenario is carried out to verify the proposed method in the informative space named u-RT space which has two kinds of RFID tags, a virtual space with ubiquitous function services realized by Web services, and a networked robot system which works in these spaces

Two-finger micro hand

The dexterous micro manipulation system is developed for application in assembling micro machines, manipulating cells, and micro surgery. We have proposed a concept of a two-finger micro hand, and designed and built two types of hand modules based on parallel mechanisms. In this paper, we mainly discuss the structure of a two-finger micro hand. The structure of the two-finger micro hand is strongly related to the effective work space, or the common work space of two fingers as well as its cooperation control algorithms. Therefore we design the structure to be suitable for a two-finger micro hand, and made a prototype. And the control system for the micro hand should be robust in some disturbance for accurate position control. A H/sub /spl infin// controller is applied to the control system of the micro hand. The controller has a tuning parameter. By tuning the parameter, the characteristic of the control system is changed like a PID controller. In a general H/sub /spl infin// controller, the characteristics are conservative, however, good stability and fast response are obtained easily in our controller.

Design of 3-DOF parallel mechanism with thin plate for micro finger module in micro manipulation

A dexterous micro manipulation system was developed for applications such as assembling micro machines, manipulating cells, and micro surgery. We (1996, 1999) have proposed a concept of a two fingered micro hand, and designed and built a prototype. We succeeded in performing basic micro manipulations, including the grasp, release, and rotation of a microscopic object. The two-fingered micro hand prototype needs to be more miniaturized for higher accuracy and use in the small chamber of SEM. In this paper, we propose a new 3-DOF parallel mechanism for the micromanipulator in order to achieve low cost and small size. The new mechanism is only used for punching holes and bending a thin plate. The two-fingered micro hand with the mechanism was designed and a prototype developed. An experiment shows the excellent micro capability of the mechanism.