Tammi Milliken

Addressing Social Justice Issues in Supervision: A Call for Client and Professional Advocacy

Given the increased awareness of the need for counselors to be social change agents to best meet the needs of the clients they serve, the counseling profession has adopted competencies and standards to guide advocacy efforts. Supervision offers a forum for facilitating the development of these necessary skills for effective advocacy. This article presents a three-tier model to assist supervisors in preparing future counselor advocates. Framed within a social constructivist epistemology, the model facilitates the examination of social justice issues relative to client advocacy and professional advocacy in relation to self-awareness, client services, and community collaboration. Supplemental activities follow.

Persons With Developmental Disability Exposed to Interpersonal Violence and Crime: Approaches for Intervention

PURPOSE Psychoeducational and psychotherapeutic interventions, by psychiatric advanced practice registered nurses and caregivers working with people with developmental disabilities exposed to interpersonal violence and crime, are recommended to help the individual resolve the intrapsychic trauma. CONCLUSIONS Persons with developmental disabilities experience the full affective range of the effects of trauma and may benefit from a variety of interventions. What may be different in comparison to other survivors are the ways psychotherapeutic and psychoeducational interventions are adapted so that emotions, resultant actions, and ongoing concerns can be effectively expressed and addressed. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Advanced practice registered nurses have an important role in addressing the sequelae of trauma by employing flexible, creative, and direct therapy with individuals. Additionally significant is provision of educational and supportive measures for the caregivers, who have the potential to generate an ongoing socially therapeutic environment.