Tania Maria Netto

Diffusion tensor MRI evaluation of the corona radiata, cingulate gyri, and corpus callosum in HIV patients

To evaluate the white matter integrity of the corona radiata, cingulate gyri, and corpus callosum in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through diffusion tensor imaging (DTI).

Regional Cerebral Gray Matter Volume in HIV‐Positive Patients with Executive Function Deficits

To evaluate whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive patients with and without executive functions deficits and healthy control subjects differ on cortical thickness and subcortical brain structures volume in vivo.

Neuropsychiatric lupus: classification criteria in neuroimaging studies.

This systematic review described the criteria and main evaluations methods procedures used to classify neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus (NPSLE) patients. Also, within the evaluations methods, this review aimed to identify the main contributions of neuropsychological measurements in neuroimaging studies. A search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and SCOPUS databases with the terms related to neuropsychiatric syndromes, systemic lupus erythematosus, and neuroimaging techniques. Sixty-six abstracts were found; only 20 were completely analyzed and included. Results indicated that the 1999 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria is the most used to classify NPSLE samples together with laboratorial, cognitive, neurological and psychiatric assessment procedures. However, the recommended ACR assessment procedures to classify NPSLE patients are being used incompletely, especially the neuropsychological batteries. Neuropsychological instruments and neuroimaging techniques have been used mostly to characterize NPSLE samples, instead of contributing to their classifications. The most described syndromes in neuroimaging studies have been seizure/cerebrovascular disease followed by cognitive dysfunctions as well as headache disorder.

Evaluation of white matter integrity in systemic lupus erythematosus by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging: a study using tract-based spatial statistics.

IntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the white matter integrity in brains of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using a voxel-based analyses of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data.MethodsFifty-seven patients with SLE were compared to 36 control patients who were matched by gender, age, education, and Mini Mental State Examination score. DTI was performed along 30 noncollinear directions in a 1.5 Tesla scanner. For tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS), a white matter skeleton was created, and a permutation-based inference with 5000 permutations and a threshold of p < 0.05 was used to identify abnormalities in fractional anisotropy (FA). The mean (MD), radial (RD), and axial diffusivities (AD) were also projected onto the mean FA skeleton.ResultsWe found a significant decrease of global FA in SLE patients compared to controls. The areas of reduced FA included the right superior corona radiata, the right superior longitudinal fasciculus, the body of the corpus callosum, the right inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, the right thalamic radiation, and the right uncinate fasciculus. Patients with SLE also had increased AD and RD in several areas. Substantial overlap of areas with increased AD and RD occurred and were spatially much more extensive than the areas of reduced FA.ConclusionSignificant increases of AD values were concordant to those of RD and MD and more extensive than FA changes. Analyzing all diffusivity parameters, using TBSS, can detect more white matter microstructural changes in patients with SLE than analyzing FA alone.

Working memory training and poetry-based stimulation programs: Are there differences in cognitive outcome in healthy older adults?

BACKGROUND Neuropsychological interventions have been mainly applied with clinical populations, in spite of the need of preventing negative changes across life span. Among the few studies of cognitive stimulation in elderly, surprisingly there is no enough research comparing direct and indirect active stimulation programs. OBJECTIVE This study aims to verify wheter there are differences between two cognitive interventions approaches in older adults: a structured Working Memory (WM) Training Program versus a Poetry-based Stimulation Program. METHODS Fourteen older adults were randomly assigned to participate into one of the two intervention groups. The assessed neurocognitive components were attention, episodic and working memory, communicative and executive functions. WM Training activities were based on Baddeleys model; Poetry-based Stimulation Program was composed by general language activities. Data were analyzed with one-way ANCOVA with Delta scores and pre and post-training tests raw scores. RESULTS WM group improved performance on WM, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility measures, while Poetry group improved on verbal fluency and narrative discourse tasks. DISCUSSION Both approaches presented benefits; however WM Training improved its target function with transfer effects to executive functions, being useful for future studies with a variety of dementias. Poetry-based Stimulation also improved complex linguistic abilities. Both approaches may be helpful as strategies to prevent dysfunctional aging changes.

Brain morphology and cortical thickness variations in systemic lupus erythematosus patients: Differences among neurological, psychiatric, and nonneuropsychiatric manifestations

To determine whether systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) affecting subcortical white matter volumes, deep gray matter volumes, and cortical thickness differ between groups of SLE patients with psychiatric (P‐SLE), neurological (N‐SLE), or nonneuropsychiatric (non‐NPSLE) presentations.

Episodic memory impairment in systemic lupus erythematosus: involvement of thalamic structures

Episodic memory deficits in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been frequently reported in the literature; however, little is known about the neural correlates of these deficits. We investigated differences in the volumes of different brain structures of SLE patients with and without episodic memory impairments diagnosed by the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Groups were paired based on age, education, sex, Mini Mental State Examination score, accumulation of disease burden (SLICC), and focused attention dimension score. Patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cortical volumetric reconstruction and segmentation of the MR images were performed with the FreeSurfer software program. SLE patients with episodic memory deficits presented shorter time of diagnosis than SLE patients without episodic memory deficits. ANOVA revealed that SLE patients with episodic memory deficits had a larger third ventricle volume than SLE patients without episodic memory deficits and controls. Additionally, covariance analysis indicated group effects on the bilateral thalamus and on the third ventricle. Our findings indicate that episodic memory may be impaired in SLE patients with normal hippocampal volume. In addition, the thalamus may undergo volumetric changes associated with episodic memory loss in SLE.

Cortical Thickness and Episodic Memory Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in brain cortical thickness of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with and without episodic memory impairment and healthy controls.

Increased posterior cingulate cortex efficiency may predict cognitive impairment in asymptomatic HIV patients

Purpose Despite antiretroviral therapy, approximately half of individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) will develop HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Efficiency of brain networks is of great importance for cognitive functioning, since functional networks may reorganize or compensate to preserve normal cognition. This study aims to compare efficiency of the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) between patients with and without HAND and controls. We hypothesize HAND negative (HAND–) patients will show higher PCC efficiency than HAND positive (HAND+) patients. Methods A total of 10 HAND + patients were compared with 9 HAND– patients and 17 gender-, age-, and education-matched controls. Resting-state functional MRI was acquired with a 3 Tesla scanner. Local efficiency, a measure of network functioning, was investigated for PCC. Network differences among HAND + , HAND– patients and controls were tested as well as correlations between network parameters and cognitive test performance in different domains. Results HAND– patients showed significantly increased PCC efficiency compared with healthy controls (p = 0.015). No differences were observed between HAND + patients and either controls (p = 0.327) or HAND– patients (p = 0.152). In HAND– patients, PCC efficiency was positively related with cognitive performance in the attention/working memory domain (p = 0.003). Conversely, in HAND + patients, PCC efficiency was negatively correlated with performance in the abstraction/executive domain (p = 0.002). Conclusion HAND– patients showed a higher level of PCC efficiency compared with healthy subjects, and PCC efficiency was positively related to cognitive performance. These results support the functional reorganization hypothesis, that increased PCC efficiency is a compensation technique to maintain cognitive functioning.

Memory rehabilitation of elderly adults with mnemonic complaints and depressive symptoms: a pilot study

Memory rehabilitation of elderly adults with mnemonic complaints and depressive symptoms: a pilot study. The present pilot study investigated the therapeutic effect of a memory rehabilitation program (MR), with pre and post-intervention assessment, in a group of elderly patients with mnemonic complaints and suggestive symptoms of depression. The sample was composed of seven older adults with ages between 65 to 80 years and formal education above seven years. The MR consisted of 24 sessions, twice weekly and each with 90 minutes duration. The intervention included implicit and explicit learning techniques, with internal and external mnemonic strategies. The cognitive performance, pre and post-interventions, were compared by the Wilcoxon test. There were reductions of suggestive symptoms of depression and of memory complaints, increase of attentional processing speed and improvement of working memory. This study should be replicated in larger samples, as well as, in groups with objective memory deficits and clinically diagnosed depression, compared to control groups.