Tanya M. Goyal
Rutgers University
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Featured researches published by Tanya M. Goyal.
Psychosomatic Medicine | 2006
William Gerin; Karina W. Davidson; Nicholas Christenfeld; Tanya M. Goyal; Joseph E. Schwartz
Objective: Cardiovascular recovery of prestress baseline blood pressure has been implicated as a possible additional determinant of sustained blood pressure elevation. We hypothesize that angry ruminations may slow the recovery process. Method: A within-subjects design was used in which resting baseline blood pressure and heart rate measurements were assessed on 60 subjects, who then took part in two anger-recall tasks. After each task, subjects sat quietly and alone during a 12-minute recovery period randomized to with or without distractions. During baseline, task, and recovery, blood pressure was continuously monitored; during recovery, subjects reported their thoughts at five fixed intervals. Results: Fewer angry thoughts were reported in the distraction condition (17%) compared with no distraction (31%; p = .002); an interaction showed that this effect was largely the result of the two intervals immediately after the anger-recall task. Trait rumination interacted with distraction condition such that high ruminators in the no-distraction condition evidenced the poorest blood pressure recovery, assessed as area under the curve (p = .044 [systolic blood pressure] and p = .046 [diastolic pressure]). Conclusions: People who have a tendency to ruminate about past anger-provoking events may be at greater risk for target organ damage as a result of sustained blood pressure elevations; the effect is exacerbated when distractions are not available to interrupt the ruminative process. ANOVA = analysis of variance; AUC = area under the curve; BP = blood pressure; HTN = hypertension; CHD = coronary heart disease; CVR = cardiovascular reactivity; CVD = cardiovascular disease; HR = heart rate; DAB-VR = Destructive Anger Behavior-Verbal Rumination; DBP = diastolic BP; HPA = hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal; SBP = systolic BP.
Health Psychology | 2004
Richard J. Contrada; Tanya M. Goyal; Corinne Cather; Luba Rafalson; Ellen L. Idler; Tyrone J. Krause
This article reports a prospective study of religiousness and recovery from heart surgery. Religiousness and other psychosocial factors were assessed in 142 patients about a week prior to surgery. Those with stronger religious beliefs subsequently had fewer complications and shorter hospital stays, the former effect mediating the latter. Attendance at religious services was unrelated to complications but predicted longer hospitalizations. Prayer was not related to recovery. Depressive symptoms were associated with longer hospital stays. Dispositional optimism, trait hostility, and social support were unrelated to outcomes. Effects of religious beliefs and attendance were stronger among women than men and were independent of biomedical and other psychosocial predictors. These findings encourage further examination of differential health effects of the various elements of religiousness.
Current Directions in Psychological Science | 2000
Richard J. Contrada; Richard D. Ashmore; Melvin L. Gary; Elliot J. Coups; Jill D. Egeth; Andrea Sewell; Kevin Ewell; Tanya M. Goyal; Valerie Chasse
Early research on ethnicity focused on the stereotyped thinking, prejudiced attitudes, and discriminatory actions of Euro-Americans. Minority-group members were viewed largely as passive targets of these negative reactions, with low self-esteem studied as the main psychological outcome. By contrast, recent research has increasingly made explicit use of stress theory in emphasizing the perspectives and experiences of minority-group members. Several ethnicity-related stressors have been identified, and it has been found that individuals cope with these threats in an active, purposeful manner. In this article, we focus on ethnicity-related stress stemming from discrimination, from stereotypes, and from conformity pressure arising from ones own ethnic group. We discuss theory and review research in which examination of ethnicity-related outcomes has extended beyond self-esteem to include psychological and physical well-being.
Psychosomatic Medicine | 2005
Tanya M. Goyal; Ellen L. Idler; Tyrone J. Krause; Richard J. Contrada
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of the severity and course of depressive symptoms on change in quality of life (QOL) 6 months after cardiac surgery. Methods: Ninety patients were interviewed before heart surgery and 2 and 6 months after surgery. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory, and QOL was assessed using physical and psychosocial functioning indices derived from the Medical Outcomes Study instrument. Multiple regression examined the effects of the severity and course of depressive symptoms on QOL adjusting for demographic and biomedical predictors. Results: Higher levels of presurgical depressive symptoms predicted poorer physical functioning after cardiac surgery. A similar effect on psychosocial functioning fell short of significance. An increase in depressive symptoms 2 months after surgery was significantly predictive of poorer physical and psychosocial functioning at 6 months. The effect of increased depressive symptoms on psychosocial functioning was significantly stronger in patients with high presurgical Beck Depression Inventory scores. Conclusions: Both preoperative depressive symptoms and postoperative increases in depressive symptoms seem associated with poorer QOL 6 months after cardiac surgery. Further examination of these associations and the mechanisms they reflect may provide a basis for guiding treatment decisions before and after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. BDI = Beck Depression Inventory; CABG = coronary artery bypass graft surgery; MI = myocardial infarction; MOS = Medical Outcomes Study; QOL = quality of life; SF-36 = MOS 36-item short form health survey.
Journal of Hypertension | 2006
William Gerin; Gbenga Ogedegbe; Joseph E. Schwartz; William F. Chaplin; Tanya M. Goyal; Lynn Clemow; Karina W. Davidson; Matthew M. Burg; Shira Lipsky; Rebecca Kentor; Juhee Jhalani; Daichi Shimbo; Thomas G. Pickering
Background A limitation of blood pressure measurements made in the physicians office is the transient elevation in pressure seen in many patients that does not appear to be linked to target organ damage or prognosis. This has been labeled the ‘white-coat effect’ (WCE), computed as the difference between blood pressure measurements taken by the physician and the ambulatory level or resting measures. It is unclear, however, which resting measure is most appropriate. The awake ambulatory blood pressure is the most widely used. However, while arguably the most useful measure for prediction of clinical outcomes, it is less appropriate for use as a resting measure, because it is influenced by many factors, including posture and physical activity level. Resting levels taken in the clinic may also be elevated, and will therefore underestimate the WCE. Methods We addressed this question by taking resting measures in a non-medical setting on the day before patients were seen at a Hypertension Clinic (day 1), and comparing these with resting measures taken on the following day, in the clinic before the patient saw the physician. Results As predicted, the day 1 resting levels were lower than those taken in the clinic prior to seeing the physician (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001 for systolic and diastolic pressures, respectively) in both normotensive and hypertensive patients. Using the day 1 resting levels, the estimated WCE for hypertensive patients was 5.3/6.9 mmHg (systolic/diastolic blood pressures), compared with estimates, using the clinic resting levels, of 0.3/0.5 mmHg. The pattern of changes was different in normotensive patients and hypertensive patients, with the physician pressures being slightly lower than day 1 pressures in the former, and substantially higher in the latter. Heart rate changes were similar and modest in both groups. Conclusion The WCE may not just be limited to that narrow interval in which the patient actually sees the physician, but may generalize to the clinic setting, rendering a clinic ‘resting’ level invalid. While it is strongly positive in most hypertensive patients, it is frequently negative in normotensive patients. Our results suggest that improved methods of measuring blood pressure in the clinic setting are unlikely to resolve the confounding influence of the WCE, and that greater reliance will need to be placed on out-of-office monitoring.
Health Psychology | 2004
Richard J. Contrada; Ellen L. Idler; Tanya M. Goyal; Corinne Cather; Luba Rafalson; Tyrone J. Krause
In this reply to K. E. Freedlands (see record 2004-13299-002) comments on R. J. Contrada et al. (see record 2004-13299-001), it is shown that the statistical issues he raised, and his preferred interpretation of the findings, were adequately addressed in the original article. It is argued that methodological limitations also were fully characterized and do not differ in kind from those of biomedical studies. Other issues discussed include the merits of focusing on distal versus proximal causation, plausibility of explanatory mechanisms for health effects of religious involvement, and potential practical applications that do not require manipulation of religious involvement. The article is concluded by commenting on subtle aspects of discourse that may unnecessarily polarize discussions of possible physical health effects of religious involvement.
Journal of Applied Social Psychology | 2001
Richard J. Contrada; Richard D. Ashmore; Melvin L. Gary; Elliot J. Coups; Jill D. Egeth; Andrea Sewell; Kevin Ewell; Tanya M. Goyal; Valerie Chasse
Blood Pressure Monitoring | 2005
Juhee Jhalani; Tanya M. Goyal; Lynn Clemow; Joseph E. Schwartz; Thomas G. Pickering; William Gerin
Contemporary Clinical Trials | 2007
William Gerin; Jonathan N. Tobin; Joseph E. Schwartz; William F. Chaplin; Nina Rieckmann; Karina W. Davidson; Tanya M. Goyal; Juhee Jhalani; Andrea Cassells; Karina Feliz; Chamanara Khalida; Marleny Diaz-Gloster; Gbenga Ogedegbe
Blood Pressure Monitoring | 2006
William Gerin; Joseph E. Schwartz; Richard B. Devereux; Tanya M. Goyal; Daichi Shimbo; Gbenga Ogedegbe; Nina Rieckmann; Dennis Abraham; William Chaplin; Matthew M. Burg; Juhee Jhulani; Thomas G. Pickering