Tanya Serry

Oral language predictors for the at-risk reader: A review.

The importance of early identification of at-risk readers has received attention in recent literature. This paper reviews evidence for oral language components, shown to have predictive capacity to identify at-risk readers at an early age. Both phonological and non-phonological components of oral language difficulties are linked to poor reading outcomes in a majority of children. At-risk preschoolers may present with phonological deficits, sub-clinical or clinical language impairment. The nature and importantly the trajectory of reading difficulty will vary, depending on the area of language breakdown. Irrespective, difficulty with reading comprehension is likely to result. Importantly, the variation in the trajectory of reading difficulty means that some children may struggle during the initial phases of learning to read, whereas others may experience initial success, but encounter difficulties at a later point when reading demands increase. Clinical implications for speech-language pathology assessment practices and ongoing monitoring of oral language and reading skills are discussed.

Developing a Comprehensive Model of Risk and Protective Factors That Can Predict Spelling at Age Seven: Findings from a Community Sample of Victorian Children.

The paper reports on a study designed to develop a risk model that can best predict single-word spelling in seven-year-old children when they were aged 4 and 5. Test measures, personal characteristics and environmental influences were all considered as variables from a community sample of 971 children. Strong concurrent correlations were found between single-word spelling and single-word reading while expressive language and, to a lesser extent, receptive language were less strongly correlated. Predictors of single-word spelling at ages 4 and 5 were dominated by child-related factors such as letter knowledge, a history of speech impairment and expressive language along with maternal word reading ability. Based on the strength of the predictive factors identified at both age 4 and 5, our results provide initial support for using a targeted model for screening pre-schoolers at risk of not mastering spelling in a timely manner.

Children with reading problems: Missed opportunities to make a difference:

Recent Australian data from the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) indicate that around 14% of children are performing poorly on reading. Comparisons with earlier data show that the relative numbers of Australian children with low reading status have not declined in this century. This is despite a surge of robust research documenting evidence-based principles that should guide reading intervention for children who make a poor start in learning to read. In this article, we outline an integrated model of best practice based on empirical research, and contrast this with current practices in schools in the Australian state of Victoria to support poor readers. Practices appear to comply with a model of early identification of reading difficulty and an intensive intervention program in early school years. However, significant shortcomings are apparent in the theoretical orientation of some interventions, the resourcing of reading intervention programs and intensity and continuity of intervention for children with persisting difficulty. We suggest that major changes are required to support vulnerable readers at school.

Parents’ experiences of their children’s supplementary reading intervention: A qualitative exploration

Abstract We examined the lived experiences of twelve parents of low-progress readers. Parents were recruited from five state schools in Melbourne and each participated in individual interviews. Analyses revealed that most children received Reading Recovery which was the first and often only option. Parents were divided regarding satisfaction with their children’s reading outcomes following this program. Sources of dissatisfaction included: a waiting list for commencement of intervention, the sudden cessation of Reading Recovery based on the 100-session limit, and Reading Recovery’s theoretical orientation towards constructivist principles. Half the parents independently sought external reading intervention from conventional and non-conventional service providers. Moreover, many parents encountered a personal toll related to their children’s reading difficulty. This study highlights the needs of parents who are important stakeholders in the management of low-progress readers. Our findings call for a more systematic, integrated and mindful approach between educators, policy makers and parents of low-progress readers.

Capacity to support young low-progress readers at school: Experiences of speech-language pathologists

Abstract There is a complex interplay between expectations for speech-language pathologists based in primary schools to work with low-progress readers and various factors that may preclude this from actually occurring. This qualitative study investigated experiences and perspectives of nine Australian speech-language pathologists based in primary schools about their capacity to work with low-progress readers. Building on previous quantitative research, this study supported a relatively even split of those who do and do not work with such children. Moreover, thematic analysis revealed that speech-language pathologists face many more barriers than facilitators when attempting to become a member of written language support teams within schools. Facilitators included having a personal interest in reading difficulty as well as working in an environment supportive of speech-language pathology input for low-progress readers. Barriers to working with or participating in teams to support low-progress readers involved factors such as time constraints, resistance from educational colleagues, and a theoretical divide about reading difficulty between educators and speech-language pathologists. Suggested strategies to enhance school-based speech-language pathologists’ capacity to operate as key supports for struggling readers are discussed. These include approaches such as aiming to create a more transparent role definition, professional advocacy, and increasing interdisciplinary collaborations at schools.

Mobile apps for treatment of speech disorders in children: An evidence-based analysis of quality and efficacy

Background Recently there has been exponential growth in mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) for children with speech disorders. A challenge for health professionals and families is knowing how to find high quality apps that are therapeutically beneficial. We systematically search and critique the quality of mobile apps for childhood speech disorders. An evidence-based method for identifying suitable apps in the Google Play and Apple iTunes stores is also proposed. Methods and findings A systematic search of the Google Play and Apple iTunes app stores was conducted from November 2016 to May 2017. Twelve pre-defined search terms were applied, identifying 5076 apps. Systematic screening resulted in 132 unique apps for full appraisal. These were appraised by two raters using the Mobile Application Rating scale. None were of excellent quality. Twenty-five were of good quality, 105 average and 2 were poor or very poor. Discussion It can be challenging for consumers to locate high quality speech therapy apps for children. Although we found more than 5000 apps, less than 3% met criteria for evaluation. Difficulties sourcing valid apps included: (i) Boolean operators were not available and therefore only one search term could be used each time (ii) the order of app listings in online stores continually changed (iii) apps were organised in online stores according to relevance and popularity (iv) there was no easy way to extract app titles and eliminate duplicates (v) app cost did not always correlate with therapeutic quality. Conclusions The rapid growth of mHealth heightens the need to develop rigorous and efficient systems to search and retrieve apps and evaluate their therapeutic benefits. Given the difficulty accessing speech therapy services worldwide, mHealth promises therapy benefits when apps are reliable, valid and easily found.

Managing reading and related literacy difficulties: University students’ perspectives

Abstract This study explored the experiences of university students who identified as always having had reading difficulties. Thirty-three participants, all from one Australian university, were surveyed and 10 were also interviewed. Findings revealed that many shared academic challenges related to studying, along with a belief that their difficulties were not well understood by staff or peers. While participants disclosed many similar personal struggles related to completing their studies, positive attributes such as determination and time management strategies were frequently mentioned as instrumental in allowing them to reach university. Experiences were more variable regarding awareness of, access to, and satisfaction with university-based support and academic adjustments. To facilitate optimal inclusive educational practices, this study supports the need for greater awareness among staff about challenges faced by these university students along with a more individualised and targeted approach to providing them with academic supports and accommodations.

Personal narrative approaches in rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury: A synthesis of qualitative research

ABSTRACT Although narrative storytelling has been found to assist identity construction, there is little direct research regarding its application in rehabilitation following traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this review was to identify published evidence on the use of personal narrative approaches in rehabilitation following TBI and to synthesise the findings across this literature. A systematic search of four databases was conducted in December 2016. No limit was set on the start date of the search. Personal narrative approaches were defined as direct client participation in sharing personal stories using written, spoken or visual methods. The search retrieved 12 qualitative research articles on the use of personal narrative approaches in TBI rehabilitation. Thematic synthesis of the narrative data and authors’ reported findings of the 12 articles yielded an overall theme of building a strengths-based identity and four sub-themes: 1) expressing and communicating to others; 2) feeling validated by the act of someone listening; 3) reflecting and learning about oneself; and 4) being productive. The findings of this review support the use of personal narrative approaches in addressing loss of identity following TBI. Healthcare professionals and the community are encouraged to seek opportunities for survivors of TBI to share their stories.

The ongoing evolution of speech-language pathology: Broadening the lens of clinical practice

The ongoing evolution of speech-language pathology: Broadening the lens of clinical practice Tanya Serry To cite this article: Tanya Serry (2016) The ongoing evolution of speech-language pathology: Broadening the lens of clinical practice, International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology, 18:3, 213-215, DOI: 10.3109/17549507.2016.1167243 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/17549507.2016.1167243

Comparing alternate learning pathways within a problem-based learning speech-language pathology curriculum

Abstract Purpose: This qualitative study investigated the learning process for speech-language pathology (SLP) students engaging in a problem-based learning (PBL) curriculum and compared the perspectives of students from two pathways. Method: Sixteen final-year SLP students participated in one of four focus groups. Half the participants entered the course directly via an undergraduate pathway and the other half entered via a graduate entry pathway. Each focus group comprised two students from each pathway. Data were generated via a semi-structured interview and analysed thematically. Result: Regardless of participants’ pathway, many similar themes about factors that influenced their expectations prior to PBL commencing as well as their actual PBL experiences were raised. Participants believed that PBL was a productive way to learn and to develop clinical competencies. Many were critical of variations in PBL facilitation styles and were sensitive to changes in facilitators. The majority of participants viewed experiential opportunities to engage in PBL prior to commencement of semester as advantageous. Conclusion: Combining students with different backgrounds has many advantages to the PBL learning process. Regardless of prior experiences, all students must be sufficiently prepared. Furthermore, the facilitator has a crucial role with the potential to optimise or detract from the learning experience.