Tarulatha R Shyagali

Reliability of Aesthetic component of IOTN in the assessment of subjective orthodontic treatment need

Objective: The purpose of this study was to estimate whether dental concern expressed by the grade of the Aesthetic Component [AC] chosen by subjects is reliable and whether it may be predictive for potential cooperation. Study Design: The study was carried out among 100 (50 boys and 50 girls) subjects aged 18 to 20 years, who visited Darshan Dental College & Hospital, Udaipur. Subjects were selected randomly who fall in said age group during the period of one month and was based on a clinical examination and questionnaire. The questionnaire contained items relating to the influence of the dentition on the general appearance, the subjective assessment of dental appearance, demand for orthodontic treatment, and any functional disorders. Clinical examination was carried out at Darshan Dental College & Hospital, Udaipur by the orthodontist. Results: The results indicate that using professional rating the Aesthetic component scale does not seem to be more precise or reliable than self-evaluation. The outcome shows that the Aesthetic component of the IOTN moderately reflects the subjective perception of dental aesthetics and demand for orthodontic treatment. Potential cooperation was there in 44% of the subjects as they readily agree to undergo orthodontic treatment if suggested. Conclusion: There was a significant agreement in the Aesthetic Component between the professional rating and Student’s assessments, as 76 percent were consistent when considering the category criterion.

Study of occlusal characteristics of primary dentition and the prevalence of maloclusion in 4 to 6 years old children in India

Background: To assess the prevalence of malocclusion and to determine the different occlusal characteristics in primary dentition of 4 to 6 years old children in India. Materials and Methods: The target population comprised 4 to 6 years old children attending different nursery, kindergarten and primary schools of Bagalkot city. Stratified cluster random sampling procedure was executed to collect the representative sample. Each subject was assessed for various occlusal characteristics. Results: Occlusal characteristic found were flush terminal plane (52.5%), class I canine relationship (84%), maxillary developmental spaces (35.4%), primate spaces in maxilla (47.6%), mandibular crowding (4.6%), mandibular midline shift (5.6%), anterior multiple tooth crossbite (1.3%), scissors bite (0.6%), anterior open bite (1%), over bite of 0-2 mm (81.6%) and overjet of 0-2 mm (84.5%). The age wise difference for the occlusal characteristics was statistically significant. Conclusions: The data revealed that most of the children had malocclusion. This highlights the importance of identifying children who are in need of orthodontic treatment for dental health or aesthetic reasons.

Comparison and evaluation of stresses generated by rapid maxillary expansion and the implant-supported rapid maxillary expansion on the craniofacial structures using finite element method of stress analysis

BackgroundThe study aimed to evaluate and compare the stress distribution and 3-dimensional displacements along the craniofacial sutures in between the Rapid maxillary Expansion (RME) and Implant supported RME (I-RME).MethodufeffsFinite element model of the skull and the implants were created using ANSYS software. The finite element model thus built composed of 537692 elements and 115694 nodes in RME model & 543078 elements and 117948 nodes with implants model. The forces were applied on the palatal surface of the posterior teeth to cause 5mm of transverse displacement on either side of the palatal halves, making it a total of 10mm. The stresses and the displacement values were obtained and interpreted.ResultsVarying pattern of stress and the displacements with both positive and negative values were seen. The maximum displacement was seen in the case of plain RME model and that too at Pterygomaxillary suture and Mid-palatal suture in descending order. In the case of I-RME maximum displacement was seen at Zygomaticomaxillary suture followed by Pterygomaxillary suture. The displacements produced in all the three planes of space for the plain RME model were greater in comparison to the Implant Supported RME model. And the stresses remained high for all the sutures in case of an I-RME.ConclusionsThere is a definite difference in the stress and the displacement pattern produced by RME and I-RME model and each can be used according to the need of the patient. The stresses generated in case of conventional RME were considerably less than that of the I-RME for all the sutures.

Evaluation of Pharyngeal Space in Different Combinations of Class II Skeletal Malocclusion.

Objectives: The study was aimed to evaluate the pharyngeal airway linear measurements of untreated skeletal class II subjects with normal facial vertical pattern in prognathic maxilla with orthognathic mandible and orthognathic maxilla with retrognathic mandible. Materials and method: the sample comprised of lateral Cephalograms of two groups (30 each) of class II malocclusion variants. Group 1 comprised of class II malocclusion with prognathic maxilla and orthognathic mandible, whereas group 2 comprised of class II malocclusion with orthognathic maxilla and retrognathic mandible. Each group was traced for the linear measurements of the pharyngeal airway like the oropharynx, nasopharynx and soft palate. The obtained data was subjected to independent t test and the Mann Whitney test to check the difference between the two groups and within the groups respectively. Results: there was significant difference between all the linear measurements at the soft palate region and the distance between the tip of soft palate to its counter point on the pharyngeal wall in oropharynx region (p-ppm). Conclusion: the pharyngeal airway for class II malocclusion with various combination in an average growth pattern adult showed significant difference. The present results suggested, that the pharyngeal airway space might be the etiological factor for different sagittal growth pattern of the jaws and probable usage of different growth modification appliance can influence the pharyngeal airway.

Comparison of Stresses generated by Different Bracket Debonding Forces using Finite Element Analysis

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the stresses generated at bracket-cement and the tooth continuum by different bracket debonding techniques commonly used in orthodontic clinic. Materials and methods: Peeling, twisting and masticatory force of one Newton was applied on the finite element model of bracket-cement and the tooth assembly and the principle stresses were obtained through the ANSYS software. The validated three-dimensional finite element model of the bracket-cement-tooth system constructed for the study consisted of 40,536 nodes and 49,201 finite elements. Results: The results showed that the debonding stresses generated by masticatory and twisting forces were 4.781 MPa and 4.140 MPa respectively on enamel, whereas peeling force produced 3.480 MPa stress on the enamel.

A new stent for miniscrew implant placement

Abstract In recent years mini implants have added new horizons in clinical orthodontics. However, the success of miniscrew implant is mostly dependent on the placement accuracies in horizontal and vertical direction. To fulfill this goal the article introduces a new innovation – the TNA (Tarulatha, Nitin, Amit) stent. This particular stent with multiple loops in both horizontal and vertical arm will guide the clinician in choosing the right location with the abundant bone for the secure and safe implant placement. Vertical arm is of help in deciding the height of the implant placement in cases such as deep bite where the implant needs to be placed high. Other striking feature is of the occlusal guide arm for deciding the X-ray direction. Multiple use of this stent which can be constructed chair side makes it unique in the crowd of implant guiding stents.

Evaluation of determinants for the nickel release by the standard orthodontic brackets

AIMnThe study was aimed to assess the effect of different pH and immersion time on the amount of nickel release from simulated orthodontic appliance of 3M Unitek company.nnnMATERIAL AND METHODnNickel ion release was evaluated after subjecting the brackets to the simulated artificial oral environment. In this study, 90 stainless steel brackets of 3M Unitek Company were tested by immersing them in artificial saliva of pH 4.2, pH 6.5 and pH 7.6 for a time interval of 1hour, 1 week and 1 month (T1xa0-xa01h, T2xa0-xa07 days, T3xa0-xa030 days) respectively. The data was subjected for the one-way ANOVA and the post-hoc test for the statistical comparison.nnnRESULTSnMeans of 2.99±0.77, 9.53±4.26 and 12.65±2 .52 ppb (parts per billion by volume) of nickel were released for 4.2 pH at a time interval of 1hour, 7 days and 1 month respectively. Means of 5.37±2.26, 10.94±1.51 and 16.92±1.69 ppb of nickel were released for 6.5 pH at a time interval of 1hour, 7 days and 1 month respectively. A mean of 2.13±0.92, 0.74±0.54 and 18.83±1.02 ppb of nickel was released for 7.6 pH at a time interval of 1 hr, 7 days and 1 month respectively.nnnCONCLUSIONnpH of the artificial saliva significantly affected the amount of nickel release. Acidic pH was found to increase the amount of nickel release in the artificial saliva. Time duration of bracket immersion significantly affected the amount of nickel release.

Prevalence of Need of Orthodontic Treatment in 7–16-Year-Old School Children in Udaipur City, India

ObjectivenThe study aimed to estimate the need of orthodontic treatment in 7-16-year-old school children in Udaipur city, India.nnnMethodsnThis cross sectional study enrolled 1029 subjects (661 males and 368 females) belonging to Udaipur city, Rajasthan, India. Subjects who had not undergone orthodontic treatment were randomly selected. The need for orthodontic treatment was assessed using the Dental Health Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) by the same calibrated examiner. Collected data were quantitatively analyzed, and the difference pertaining to prevalence between males and females was measured using the chi-square test.nnnResultsnA Grade 1 IOTN score was observed in 48.4% of the population. Grade 2 was observed in 22.9% of the population. A significant difference was noted for the prevalence of Grades 1, 2, and 3 between male and female children, with male children showing greater prevalence of malocclusion grades. Grades 4 and 5, which were noted less frequently, did not show a significant difference with respect to sex.nnnConclusionnA higher percentage of the sample required moderate orthodontic treatment. This necessitates proper education and motivation to undergo orthodontic treatment.

A new innovative light-emitting diode habit-breaking appliance

The aim of the present case report is to introduce a modified and innovative design for effective habit breaking with minimal patient discomfort. Abnormal oral habits are one of the major etiological factors in malocclusion. The harmful, unbalanced pressure bears upon the immature, highly malleable alveolar ridges and brings about potential changes in the position of teeth and occlusion. These habits can also cause behavioral problems and are socially unacceptable. Various methods and appliances are used to break the abnormal oral habits, as a part of treatment of malocclusion. The traditional habit-breaking appliances used so far can cause irritation to the tongue, subsequently leading to ulceration and in addition can also cause mastication and speech problems. The appliance is a regular Hawleys appliance with the addition of the light-emitting diode bulb and the switch. When the childs tongue or the finger touches the appliance, the light bulb gets illuminated, thus reminding the child to quit the habit. The said appliance utilizes easily available electrical gadgets that will function by disturbing the subconsciously built vicious cycle. The reminders send by its activation will break the pleasure perception obtained during the habit. Habit breaking through this appliance is effective as it is superior to other appliances in the mode of action as well as the design itself is attractive to the children.

Age-wise and gender-wise prevalence of oral habits in 7–16-year-old school children of Mewar ethnicity, India

Objectives: The study aimed to check the age- and gender-wise prevalence of oral habits in the children of 7–16-year-old Indian children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving 1029 (661 males and 368 females) children of age 7–16 years was done to record the presence or absence of the oral habits with the aid of the anamnestic questionnaire. The recorded oral habits were tongue thrusting, thumb or digit sucking, mouth breathing, bruxism, lip biting or lip sucking, and nail biting. The collected data were subjected to Pearsons Chi-square statistical analysis to know the overall difference in the prevalence rate of different oral habits and to evaluate the gender- and age-wise difference in the prevalence of oral habits. Results: Oral habits were present in 594 participants (57.73%). The highest prevalence rate was registered for tongue thrusting habit (28.8%), which was followed by nail biting (201/19.5%) and thumb sucking (128/12.4%), mouth breathing (109/10.6%), lip biting (85/8.3%), and bruxism (29/2.8%). The male participants showed a greater prevalence rate for the oral habits than the female participants (58.55% vs. 56.25%). There was a significant difference in the age-wise prevalence of oral habits with older children showing greater prevalence of oral habits than the younger ones. Conclusion: The prevalence of oral habits in the current group of children is high. It warrants the need for the community-based educational preventive and interceptive programs to spread the awareness regarding the deleterious effects of these oral habits.