Tatsuo Ujiie

Antenatal Depression and Maternal-Fetal Attachment

Background: In recent years, attention has been turned to maternal mental health in relation to the mother-child relationship accompanying a widening in focus, i.e. taking into account not only the puerperium, but also the stage of pregnancy. This applies to studies that have revealed a connection between depression and maternal attachment in the postpartum period and late pregnancy. This study, however, was designed to evaluate the maternal-fetal relationship in the first and second trimesters, being the first one to address this issue in these early stages. Sampling and Methods: Zung’s Self-Rating Depression Scale (ZSDS), the original Antenatal Maternal Attachment Scale (AMAS), and a questionnaire addressing peripheral factors were given to 216 pregnant women (3–6 months of gestation) who visited the Nagoya University Hospital between September 1998 and June 2001. Results: Contrary to reports on the latter stages of pregnancy, no direct association was observed between depression in mothers and maternal-fetal attachment before fetal movement was perceived. Conclusion: However, education, form of employment, planning of pregnancy, and premenstrual mood changes were found to be associated with the ZSDS score (mean: 41.9), while form of employment, feelings regarding pregnancy, and sources of support were extracted as factors associated with the AMAS, which are of interest in terms of the subsequent association between depression and maternal-fetal attachment in the peri- and postnatal periods.

Cultural Difference in Conflict Management Strategies of Children and Its Development: Comparing 3- and 5-Year-Olds Across China, Japan, and Korea

Research Findings: The purpose of this study was to examine differences in the development of conflict management strategies, focusing on 3- and 5-year-olds, through a comparison of 3 neighboring Asian cultures, those of China (n = 114), Japan (n = 98), and Korea (n = 90). The dual concern model of conflict management was adopted to probe which strategy children would prefer to use in 2 hypothetical conflict situations. Results indicated that, first, for disagreement, 3-year-olds in the 3 countries equally preferred the dominating strategy. For competition for resources, 3-year-olds differed in their strategy preference across all cultures. Second, the observed strategy preference of 3- to 5-year-old children in this study was more or less different from that of older schoolchildren, regardless of culture. Practice or Policy: These findings suggest the significance of the context, the complexity of the phenomenon of the development of cultural differences, and the significance of cohort sampling.

Psychological Consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident

氏家達夫 2011 年 3 月に起こった東京電力福島第一原子力発電 所の事故から 6 年以上が経過した。避難区域の多くで 避難指示が解除され,住民の帰還がはじまっている。 避難区域外でも,除染が進み,一見平常の生活が戻り つつある。しかし,チェルノブイリ事故後の調査結果 によれば,準臨床的ではあるが,心理学的影響が長期 間継続することが知られている。また,幼い子どもを 持つ母親に特に心理学的影響が現れやすいこともわ かっている。このシンポジウムでは,福島第一原子力 発電所事故が,福島県に住む親にもたらした心理学的 被害について検討することを目指し,4 つの報告を 行った。初めにその実態について,事故後継続的に福 島県内の幼い子どもを持つ親を対象に,放射能に対す る不安やストレスを調査してきた福島大学チームの調 査結果にもとづいて報告した。2 つ目に,親の不安や ストレスが子どもの発達に及ぼす影響についての理論 的考察と実証研究の結果を報告した。3 つ目に,子ど もの発達に及ぼす影響を防ぐための心理学的介入実践 の試みを報告した。最後に,人々のリスク知覚に着目 したリスクコミュニケーションのあり方について報告 した。指定討論として,心理学的観点からチェルノブ イリ事故後の被害住民の調査を行うとともに心理学的 影響のメカニズムについての研究と提言を行ってきた ノルウェー技術工科大学の Britt-Marie Drottz-Sjöberg 教授を迎え,心理学的影響の長期化や子どもの発達へ の影響を防ぐための方策について議論を深めた。 準備委員会企画シンポジウム 3

Contents Vol. 36, 2003

Medical and Scientifi c Publishers Basel • Freiburg • Paris • London New York • Bangalore • Bangkok Singapore • Tokyo • Sydney Drug Dosage The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant fl ow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any change in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or, in the case of photocopying, direct payment of a specifi ed fee to the Copyright Clearance Center (see ‘General Information’).